Embryonic development of the CVS

Question 1

Congenital heart disease affects _-__% of dogs, and __-__% of cats, of which __% have feline cardiac diseases. CHD is also common in ___ horses.
Can present as a mild heart murmur with no clinical signs, exercise intolerance or heart failure. Note that functional murmurs are common in ___ animals.

Answer 1

0.67-0.85
0.2-1
15
Arabian
young

Question 2

Paired heart tubes (left and right) form in ___ mesoderm ____ to oropharyngeal membrane. The heart tube fold from a __ to a __ position.

Answer 2

splanchnic
craniolateral
cranial
caudal

Question 3

Stages of lung bud development:
1 terminal sac stage
2 canalicular stage
3 embryonic stage
4 alveolar stage
5 pseudoglandular stage

Answer 3

3
5
2
1
4

Question 4

The fate of the aortic arches:
1st-
2nd-
3rd-
R 4th-
L 4th-
5th-
R 6th-
L 6th-

Answer 4

regresses as 3rd and 4th arise
regresses
common carotid arteries
right subclavian artery
definitive aortic arch
right pulmonary artery, distilled end regresses
left pulmonary artery, distal end ductus arteriosus

Question 5

Cardinal veins- At the time of partitioning of the heart, blood from the body returns to the horns of the ___ ___ via short, paired common cardinal veins. Only the ___ cranial cardinal persists as the cranial vena cava, the remaining vessels regress.
Vitelline veins- The vitelline veins convey blood from the __ ___ toward the __ __ of the heart. As the liver forms, the right and left vitelline veins within the vicinity of the septum transversum, are incorporated into the expanding liver as hepatic sinusoids.
Umbillical veins- convey blood from the __ veins toward the __ __ of the heart. In the vicinity of the developing liver, the right and left umbilical veins (like the vitelline veins) are incorporated into the expanding liver as part of the hepatic sinusoids.
Ductus venosus- forms between the left __ vein and the right __ vein. The function of the ductus venosus is to shunt __ blood (returning from the placenta) from the umbilical vein to the caudal vena cava (that arises from the right vitelline vein), thus bypassing the hepatic sinusoids.

Answer 5

sinus venosus
right
yolk sac
sinus venosus
allantoic
sinus venosus
umbilical
vitelline
oxygenated

Question 6

Lung buds are formed by bifurcation of the distal end of the ___ ___. The connect tissue frame work is formed by ___ ____.

Answer 6

laryngotracheal tube

splanchnic mesoderm