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IMG1016: superficial structures > thyroid & parathyroid > Flashcards

thyroid & parathyroid Flashcards

1
Q

location of thyroid

A

anterior/inferior of neck (C5 to T1)

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2
Q

Thyroid lies ___ to thyroid cartilage

A

anterior

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3
Q

___ connect two lobes at the lower third to make thyroid H-shape or butterfly

A

isthmus

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4
Q

Thyroid is ___ to trachea & cricoid cartilage

A

superior

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5
Q

thyroid is inferior to

A

larynx

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6
Q
  • Sternocleidomastoid muscle
  • common carotid artery
  • internal jugular vein
A

lateral to thyroid

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7
Q
  • strap muscles
  • sternohyoid
  • sterno thyroid
  • omohyoid
A

thyroid is posterior to these structures

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8
Q
  • thyroid cartilage
  • cricoid cartilage
  • tracheal rings
  • parathyroid
  • longus colli
  • vertebrae (C5-T1)
  • esophagus bw left lobe & trachea
A

thyroid is anterior to these structures

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9
Q

function of the deep cervical fascia

A
  • support structures & creates cleavage planes for surgery
  • limits spread of infection
  • facilitate mobility during swallow & speaking
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10
Q
  • subcutaneous cervical fascia
  • investing layer
  • pretracheal layer
  • buccopharygeal fascia
  • carotid sheath
  • alar fascia
  • sympathetic trunk
  • prevertebral layer
A

fascial layers of neck

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11
Q

function of ___fascia is to invests pharyngeal constrictor muscles

A

buccopharyngeal

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12
Q

___ is posterior to sheath

A

sympathetic trunk

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13
Q

subdivides space behind the pharynx into retropharyngeal (anterior) & danger space (posterior)

A

alar fascia

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14
Q

blood supply of thyroid (2)

A
  1. superior thyroid from ECA (external carotid artery)

2. inferior thyroid from thyrocervical trunk

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15
Q

uncommon midline supply (10% of cases)

A

thyroid ima artery can supply gland from inferior aspect

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16
Q

normal velocity of blood supply to thyroid

A

20-40cm/sec

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17
Q

velocity increase over 100cm/sec in ___ and ___

A
  1. graves

2. hashitosis

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18
Q

thyroid venous drainage (3)

A
  1. superior thyroid vein
  2. middle thyroid vein
  3. inferior thyroid vein
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19
Q

emerges from superior pole of thyroid and enters IJV

A

superior TV

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20
Q

crosses the common carotid artery to open into IJV. May be absent or doubled

A

middle vein

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21
Q

what vein crosses the common carotid artery to open into the IJV

A

“fourth” thyroid vein (middle vein)

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22
Q

largest vein. the R vein crosses trachea to enter L brachiocephalic vein from a common trunk in L vein

A

inferior Thyroid vein

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23
Q

common trunk formed bw brachiocephalic vein & L vein

A

thyroid IMA vein

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24
Q

lymphatic drainage (4)

A
  1. perithyroid lymph nodes
  2. perilaryngeal LN
  3. pparatracheal LN
  4. pretracheal
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25
Q

thyroid develop from __ and ___ pharyngeal pouch

A

1 st & 2nd

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26
Q

at foramen cecum, region of ___ in midline

A

tounge

27
Q

variants (2) normally diagnosed by US

A
  1. hypoplasia

2. aplasia

28
Q

diagnosed by nuclear medicine uptake scan

A

ectopia

29
Q

most common midline cyst in neck, moves with swallowing, diagnosed with US

A

thyroglossal cyst

30
Q

most complex thyroid variant due to bleeding and infection

A

thyroglossal cyst

31
Q

variant of thyroid among 10-20% in young children

A

pyramidal lobe

-extends superiorly from isthmus

32
Q

projection of normal thyroid from posterior or lateral lobe, diagnosed with CT

A

zuckerandl’s tubercle

33
Q

important landmark for recurrent laryngeal nerve and superior parathyroid gland

A

zuckerandl’s tubercle

34
Q

thyroid variants (6)

A
  1. Hypoplasia
  2. aplasia (agenesis of some part of thyroid)
  3. ectopia
  4. pyramidal lobe
  5. thyroglossal cyst
  6. zuckerandl’s tubercle
35
Q

converted from iodide

A

Iodine

36
Q

what circulates in blood and actively transports to thyroid under effect of TSH?

A

iodine

37
Q

what is released by anterior pituitary under effect of TRF/TRH

A

TSH

38
Q

what is released by hypothalamus due to stimuli affecting BMR

A

TRF (thyrotropin releasing factor)

39
Q

what is produced by follicular cells after iodine uptake

A

thyroglobulin

40
Q

10% of thyroglobulin stored in ___ as iodinated form

A

colloid

41
Q

90% of ___ is produced in the thyroid

A

Thyroxin (T4)

42
Q

de-iodinated form of T4, is most active

A

T3

43
Q

all hormones are lipid soluble and need ___ transportation protein

A

TBG

44
Q

Free __ and ___ can enter cells

A

T3 & T4

45
Q

regulation of T3/T4

A

-negative feedback

46
Q

decreased T3/T4 stimulates __ and ___

A

TRH and TSH

47
Q

actions of T3/T4

A
  • carb metabolism
  • fat metabolism
  • increase heart rate
  • control body temp
  • increase motility of bowel
48
Q

T3/T4 increase BMR of all body tissue except for ___ &___

A

spleen & gonads

49
Q

effective and safe treatment of osteoperosis, paget’s disease and hypercalcaemia

A

calcitonin

50
Q

In ___ serum calcium level , Calcitonin stops osteoclastic bone resorption and promotes Osteoblastic bone absorption.

A

high

51
Q

what cells produce calcitonin

A

C cells

52
Q

what maintains the homeostasis of blood Ca

A

calcitonin

53
Q

normal lab value of T4

A

4.6-12ug/dl

54
Q

normal lab value of FT4

A

0.7-1.9ng.dl

55
Q

normal lab value of T3

A

80-180ng/dl

56
Q

normal lab value of FT3

A

230-600pg/dl

57
Q

normal lab value of TSH

A

0.3-3.9m IU/L

58
Q

normal lab value of serum thyroglobulin (TG)

A

0-30ng/mL

59
Q

transducer for scanning thyroid

A

7.5-15MHz high frequency linear

60
Q

linear array transducer preferred for thyroid scan due to

A

better lateral resolution in near field

61
Q

thyroid is __ compared to strap muscle and surrounding structures

A

hyperechoic

62
Q

AP and trv diameter of thyroid

A

<2cm

63
Q

Isthmus measurement

A

<5mm

64
Q

thyroid normal measurements (L, AP, thickness)

A

L- 40-60mm
AP- 13-18mm
thick- 4-6mm

IMG1016: superficial structures (9 decks)

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