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IMG1016: superficial structures > scrotal sonography > Flashcards

scrotal sonography Flashcards

1
Q

The testes are symmetric, oval-shaped glands residing in the ________________.

A

scrotum

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2
Q

The seminiferous tubules are connectes to straight tubules which lead to the ___

A

Rete testis

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3
Q

The largest part of the epididymis is the __________________ , measuring 6 to 15 mm in width.

A

head

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4
Q

The ductus epididymis becomes the ________________________ and continues in the spermatic cord.

A

vas deferens

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5
Q

The testis is completely covered by a dense, fibrous tissue termed the ____________________.

A

tunica albuginea

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6
Q

The ____________________ supports the ducts coursing within the testis.

A

Mediastinum

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7
Q

The space between the layers of the tunica vaginalis is where __________________ can form.

A

hydroceles

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8
Q

The ___________________ is a continuation of the ductus __________________.

A
  • vas deferens

- epididymis

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9
Q

The vas deferens dilates at the terminal portion near __________________.

A

seminal vesicles

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10
Q

An extension of the internal oblique muscle that descends to the testis with the spermatic cord

A

cremasteric muscle

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11
Q

Connect the seminal vesicle and the vas deferens to the urethra at the verumontanum

A

ejaculatory ducts

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12
Q

Anatomic structure formed by the network of ducts leaving the mediastinum testis that combine into a single convoluted epididymal tubule

A

epididymis

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13
Q

Central linear structure formed by the convergence of multiple thin septations within the testicle, which are invaginations of the tunica albuginea

A

mediastinum testis

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14
Q

Plexus of veins in the spermatic cord that drain into the right and left testicular veins

A

pampiniform plexus

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15
Q

Partially supply the scrotal wall and epididymis and occasionally the lower pole of the testis

A

pudendal artery

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16
Q

Sac containing the testes and epididymis

A

scrotum

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17
Q

Reservoirs for sperm located posterior to the bladder

A

seminal vesicles

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18
Q

Multiple septa formed from the tunica albuginea that course toward the mediastinum testis and separate the testicle into lobules

A

septa testis

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19
Q

Structure made up of vas deferens, testicular artery, cremasteric artery, and pampiniform plexus that suspends the testis in the scrotum

A

spermatic cord

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20
Q

Male gonad that produces hormones that induce masculine features and spermatozoa

A

testicle

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21
Q

Artery arising from the aorta just distal to each renal artery

A

testicular artery

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22
Q

Inner fibrous membrane surrounding the testicle

A

tunica albuginea

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23
Q

Membrane consisting of a visceral layer and a parietal layer lining the inner wall of the scrotum

A

tunica vaginalis

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24
Q

Small membranous canal that extends from the bladder to the end of the penis

A

urethra

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25
Tube that connects the epididymis to the seminal vesicle
vas deferens
26
verumontanum
Junction of the ejaculatory ducts with the urethra
27
essential male reproductive organs
gonads & testes
28
accessory organs of male reproductive system
genital ducts, glands, supporting structures
29
ducts that convey sperm to outside of body
genital ducts
30
name the structures included in the reproductive ducts
- pair of epididymides - paired vas deferens - pair of ejaculatory ducts - urethra
31
what organs make up the accessory GLANDS in male reproductive system
- seminal vesicles (2) - prostate - bulbourethral (2)
32
supporting structures of the male reproductive system
scrotum penis spermatic cords
33
im males, a roughly diamond shaped area between the thighs
perineum
34
perineum extends from the ___ anteriorly to the ___ posteriorly
pubic symphysis | coccyx
35
lateral boundary for the perineum
ischial tuberosity
36
divided into the urogenital triangle and anal triangle
perineum
37
external genitals ( penis and scrotum) are part of the ____ triangle
urogenital
38
testes are suspended in the scrotum by
scrotal tissue & spermatic cords
39
_____ encases each testis
tunica albuginea
40
each lobule in the testes contains
intersitial cells and seminiferous tubules
41
___ drains the rete testis
efferent ductules
42
__ testis is about 1 cm lower in the scrotal sac than the __
left | right
43
tubules from each lobule come together to form a plexus called
rete testis
44
spermatogenesis is the production of mature male gametes (spermatozoa) by
seminiferous tubules
45
major androgen in humans, produces by interstitial cells
testosterone
46
By stimulating protein anabolism, ___ promotes the growth of skeletal muscles
testosterone
47
functions of testosterone (4)
1. development of sex characteristics 2. regulat metabolism 3. stimulates bone growth 4. fluid and electrolyte balance
48
The vas deferens has thick, muscular walls and can be palpated in the scrotal sac as a smooth, movable cord. The muscular layers of the vas deferens help ___
propel sperm through ductal system
49
Enlarged terminal portion of vas deferens that joins the duct from a seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct
ampulla
50
vas deferens is an extension of the ___
epididymis
51
t/f: sperm only stay in the vas deferens for a specific period of time
FALSE - stay for varrying periods depending on sexual activity
52
Passes through the prostate gland, terminates in the urethra
ejaculatory duct
53
prostate gland supply's __% of semen volume in the form of
30 | slightly acidic, watery, milky seminal fluid
54
nutrient for sperm
citrate
55
skin covered pouch suspended from the perineal region
scrotum
56
scrotum is divided into two compartments externally by ___ and two sacs internally by __
1. median raphe | 2. tunica dartos (septum)
57
what does each sac contain?
- testi - epididymis - lower part of spermatic cord
58
the skin and superficial fascia of the testis is continuous with that of the
abdomen
59
cremaster muscle surrounds each testicle, forming an elongated pouch, and contracts to to
control temp of testicles
60
peritoneal sac that covers and surrounds the testicles and epididymis
tunica vaginalis
61
layer of the tuica vaginalis that produces secretions
visceral layer
62
layer of tuica vaginalis that contains lymphatics for fluid absorbtion
parietal layer
63
elevate the scrotal pouch
dartos fascia and muscle
64
Each testis divided into ___-___ conical lobules containing the seminiferous tubules
250-400
65
seminiferous tubules converge at the apex of each lobule to form
rete testis in mediastinum
66
rete testis drain into ____ through efferent ductules
head of epididymis
67
Sonographically, ___ appear as smooth, medium gray structures with fine echo texture.
testis
68
t/f: testis are mobile
true
69
epididymis length
6-7cm
70
epididymis begins superiorly and courses ___ to the testis
posterolaterally
71
epididymis contains 10-15 efferent ductules from rete testis that converge to form a single duct in the body and tail known as
ductus epididymis
72
ductus epididymis becomes ___ and continues in the spermatic cord
vas deferens
73
largest part of epididymis
head (6-15mm wide)
74
small protuberance from head of epididymis
appendix of epididymis
75
echogenicity & echotexture of epididymis compared to testis
iso or hypoechoic | coarser
76
Posterior aspect of tunica albuginea reflects into testis to form vertical septum known as
mediastinum testis
77
bright hyperechoic line coursing crainocaudad within testis
mediastinum
78
septa testis formed from ___ at mediastinum
tunica albuginea
79
lines inner walls of scrotum, covering each testis and epididymis
tunica vaginalis
80
between the parietal and visceral layers of tunica vaginalis, ___ may from
hydroceles
81
hydrocele
accumulation of fluid
82
___dilates at terminal portion near seminal vesicles, termed ___
vas deferens | ampulla of deferens
83
junction of ejaculatory ducts with urethra
verumonatum
84
Vas deferens, testicular arteries, venous pampiniform plexus, lymphatics, autonomic nerves, and fiber of cremaster form
spermatic cord
85
spermatic cord extends from __ through inguinal canal and internal inguinal rings to __-
scrotum | pelvis
86
___ suspends the testis in scrotum
spermatic cord
87
main blood supply for testis
testicular artery
88
testicular artery arise from anterior ___ just below the renal arteries
aorta
89
3 arteries in spermatic cord
- testicular - deferential - cremasteric
90
cremasteric artery is a branch of ___ artery
epigastric
91
deferential artery is a branch of ___ artery
vesicular (internal iliac)
92
artery that supplies the epididymis and ductus deferens
deferential
93
major blood supply to the epididymis is by the ___ artery which is a branch of ___
- superior epididymal artery | - testicular
94
the cremasteric artery supplies
peritesticular tissues
95
venous drainage of the scrotum is by the ____
papminiform plexus
96
papminiform plexus becomes reduced to a single vein ____ as it ascends through inguinal canal
testicular vein
97
right testicular vein drains into
IVC
98
left testicular vein drains into
left renal vein
99
venous drainage from testis
trans-mediastinal vein
100
tetsicular arterial branching (4)
1. testicular artery 2. capsular artery 3. centripetal artery 4. recurrent rami
101
deferential vein drains into the ___ veins
pelvis
102
cremasteric vein drains into the ___
tributaries of epigastric and deep pudendal veins
103
Tunica albuginea extends into posterior wall of testicle and forms ____ testis and ____ septa
mediastinum | interlobar
104
location of rete testis
within mediastinum
105
a thicker less convoluted continuation of ductus epididymis
ductus deferens
106
At its ___ portion near seminal vesicles, the ductus deferens dilates
terminal
107
STI will cause ___ epididymis with ___ blood flow on US
enlarged | increased
108
adult testicle l*w*h
3-5 * 2-3 * 2-3 cm
109
adult epididymis L
3.8cm
110
ductus deferens length
45cm
111
reasons for scrotal exam (5)
- mass - pain - trauma - infertility - undescended testicle
112
t/f: extratesticular mass is less likely to be malignant
true
113
Cryptorchidism
failure of testis to descend into the scrotum
114
testicles are at an increased risk for malignancy if ___
they have not fully descended
115
valsalva maneuver
pt pushes all air out, making belly tight

IMG1016: superficial structures (9 decks)

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