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Endocrinology > Thyroid Nodules > Flashcards

Thyroid Nodules Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of solitary thyroid nodules are benign?

A

95%

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2
Q

Give some causes of benign thyroid nodules

A

Cyst
Colloid nodule
Follicular adenoma
Hyperplastic nodule

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3
Q

Give some causes of malignant thyroid nodules

A

Papillary/follicular/medullary/anaplastic thyroid carcinomas

Lymphoma

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4
Q

How do you tell if the mass is affecting the thyroid?

A

It moves on swallowing

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5
Q

What are the first-line investigations for a solitary thyroid nodule?

A

TSH

USS-guided FNA

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6
Q

A patient is 35 years old and has a 2cm thyroid tumour. What operation is done?

A

Lobectomy

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7
Q

High risk thyroid nodule patients require what kind of operation?

A

Total thyroidectomy

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8
Q

What is the commonest type of thyroid carcinoma?

A

Papillary

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9
Q

How does papillary thyroid cancer spread?

A

Lymphatically

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10
Q

What is the main tumour marker of papillary thyroid cancer?

A

Thyroglobulin

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11
Q

The diagnosis of follicular thyroid cancer depends on what?

A

The extent of capsular invasion

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12
Q

How does follicular thyroid cancer spread?

A

Haematogenously

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13
Q

How is follicular thyroid cancer treated?

A

Lobectomy

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14
Q

Thyroid lymphoma tends to affect who?

A

Women aged 70-80 with hypothyroidism

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15
Q

Medullary thyroid cancer is a cancer of what cells?

A

Parafollicular cells

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16
Q

What is the tumour marker of medullary thyroid cancer?

A

Calcitonin

17
Q

Medullary thyroid cancer is associated with what condition?

A

MEN type 2

18
Q

What investigations are done for a multinodular goitre?

A

TSH

CT scan

19
Q

Why is a CT scan done in multinodular goitre?

A

To assess for retrosternal extension and tracheal compression

20
Q

Give a non-surgical treatment of multinodular goitre

A

Carbimazole if raised T4

21
Q

When is surgery considered in multinodular goitre?

A

When there is a structural problem or retrosternal extension

Endocrinology (14 decks)

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