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Endocrinology > Pituitary Physiology > Flashcards

Pituitary Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What hormones are released from the anterior pituitary?

A 
ACTH
TSH
LH/FSH
GH
Prolactin
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2
Q

What hormones are released from the posterior pituitary?

A

ADH

Oxytocin

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3
Q

The peripheral hormone for ACTH is what?

A

Cortisol

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4
Q

The peripheral hormones for LH are what?

A

Testosterone/estradiol

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5
Q

The peripheral hormone for GH is what?

A

IGF-1

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6
Q

A pituitary gland tumour can compress what structure?

A

Optic chiasma

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7
Q

Optic chiasma compression can cause what?

A

Loss of temporal vision

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8
Q

If a pituitary tumour is smaller than 1cm what is it called?

A

Microadenoma

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9
Q

A pituitary tumour larger than 1cm is known as?

A

Macroadenoma

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10
Q

What cranial nerves are commonly affected by an adenoma?

A

CNs III, IV and VI

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11
Q

Dopamine secretion from the hypothalamus causes the supression of which hormone?

A

Prolactin

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12
Q

What are some causes of raised prolactin?

A

Breast feeding
Pregnancy
Metoclopramide
Antipsychotics

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13
Q

Pathological causes of raised prolactin include?

A

Hypothyroidism

Prolactinoma

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14
Q

Why do women tend to present earlier than men with hyperprolactinaemia?

A

As it causes them to miss their periods

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15
Q

What do men with raised prolactin present with?

A

Impotence

Headache

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16
Q

How is raised prolactin investigated?

A

Prolactin concentration
MRI pituitary
Visual fields

17
Q

What is the main drug used in a patient with raised prolactin?

A

Cabergoline - dopamine agonist

18
Q

An excess of growth hormone is known as what?

A

Acromegaly

19
Q

What are some symptoms of acromegaly?

A

Hypertension
Large hands/jaw
Sleep apnoea
Vascular headaches

20
Q

What tests can be done to diagnose acromegaly?

A

IGF-1

Glucose tolerance test

21
Q

How is acromegaly treated?

A

Pituitary surgery

22
Q

A microadenoma has better surgical prognosis than macroadenoma. True/false?

A

True

23
Q

What drugs can be used in acromegaly?

A

Somatostatin analogues

GH antagonists

Endocrinology (14 decks)

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