Thyroid/neck Flashcards
The strap muscles are located _____ to the thyroid
Anterior
The sternocleidomastoid muscle is located _____ to the thyroid
Anterior lateral
CCA is_____ to the thyroid
Lateral
The minor neurovascular bundle is _____ to the thyroid
Posterior
The longus coli muscle is _______ to the thyroid
Posterior
The parathyroid glands are _______ to the thyroid
Posterior
The risk of malignancy (increases/decreases) with multiple nodules
Decreases
Thyroid arterial supply is from
Superior and inferior thyroid arteries
The superior thyroid artery branches from the
ECA
The inferior thyroid artery branches from the
Subclavian artery
The most abundant hormone of the thyroid is
Thyroxine (T4)
The largest salivary gland
Parotid
The parotid gland is located
Anterior to the ear and extend inferior
The parotid gland is drained by the
Stensen duct
The Wharton duct drains the
Submandibular gland
Sialolithiasis most commonly occurs in which salivary gland
Submandubular
Sialadenosis is
Non inflammatory enlargement of salivary gland
Sialadenosis most commonly affects which salivary gland
Parotid gland
Most common benign tumor of the salivary glands
Pleomorphic adenoma
Pleomorphic adenomas most commonly affect:
Parotid gland
Most common malignancy of the salivary glands
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma typically starts in which salivary gland
Parotid
Venous blood flow for the thyroid include what vessels:
Superior, middle, inferior thyroid veins
The _____ & _____thyroid veins drain into the internal jugular vein
Superior and middle
The _____ thyroid vein drains into the innominate vein
Inferior thyroid vein
Increase in TSH and decrease in T3/T4
Hypothyroidism
Decrease in TSH and increase in T3/T4
Hyperthyroidism
Most common type of thyroid adenoma
Follicular
Most common primary thyroid cancer
Papillary carcinoma
Papillary carcinoma is usually spread throughout the body through the
Lymphatics
Second most common thyroid cancer
Follicular carcinoma
Follicular carcinoma is spread via:
Blood
Least common thyroid cancer
Medullary carcinoma
This cancer is associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia(MEN) syndrome
Medullary carcinoma
Medullary carcinoma typically secretes what hormone?
Calcitonin
Presence of ____ within thyroid masses seem to increase likely hood of malignancy
Microcalcifications
Most common cause of hypothyroidism
Hashimoto
Most common cause of hyperthyroidism
Graves’ disease
Psammoma bodies are:
Microcalcifications
(Hot or cold) nodules are more likely cancer
Cold
Isthmus measurement of ___ indicates thyroid enlargement
1.0 cm
Solid/soft nodules are more likely malignant
Solid
Most common WORLDWIDE cause of goiter
Iodine deficiency
Most common cause of goiter in US
Hashimotos
Parathyroid is ____ to the thyroid
Posterior
Most common type of hyperparathyroidism
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Primary hyperparathyroidism is most commonly cause by
Parathyroid adenoma(PTA)
Lab value for primary hyperparathyroidism
Increased PTH & Calcium
Most common manifestation of multiple endocrine neoplasia(MEN)
Hyperparathyroidism
Results in bone demineralization and calcification of soft tissue and vascular structures
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Occurs in patients with CRF
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Lab values of secondary hyperparathyroidism
Decreased calcium
Increased phosphates
Sialadenitis is most common in which salivary gland
Parotid gland
Salivary glands located beneath the jaw, level 1
Submandibular
Salivary glands located beneath the tongue
Sublingual
Sublingual glands are ____ to the submandibular glands
Anterior
Most common superficial MIDLINE neck mass
Thyroglossal duct cyst
Cystic mass on the LATERAL aspect of the neck
Branchial cleft cyst
Branches of the aortic arch
- Innominate(brachiocephalic)
- left CCA
- left Subclavian
First branch of ICA
Opthalamic artery
First branch of ECA
Superior thyroid artery
Thyroid mass that occurs at a higher incidence in females, and also those people with history of chest/neck radiation
Papillary carcinoma
Levels ____ & _____ are most commonly affected by tumor recurrence
Level 3 and 4 lymph nodes
Most common bilateral cancer of thyroid
Medullary