thyroid in pediatrics

Question 1

what is the presentation of the thyroglossal duct cyst ?

Answer 1

benign painless midline neck mass that moves up and down with tongue protrusion and swallowing

Question 2

what is the origin of the thyroglossal cyst ?

Answer 2

endoderm of the foramen cecum

Question 3

what is the location of the thyroglossal cyst in relation to the hyoid bone ?

Answer 3

inferior to the hyoid bone

Question 4

what is the presentation of lingual thyroid ?

Answer 4

usually associated with hypothyroidism
mass at the base of the tongue

Question 5

what is the most common cause of cretinism ?

Answer 5

iodine deficiency in the mother during pregnancy and fetal thyroid dysgenesis

Question 6

what are the levels of thyroid hormones in association with TBG deficiency ?

Answer 6

everything is normal except the total T4

Question 7

what is the cause of congenital goitre in the setting of hypothyroidism ?

Answer 7

usually due to the crossing of anti thyroid medications through the placenta

Question 8

how does hyperthyroidism lead to bone resorption ?

Answer 8

due to increased levels of T# which allow for osteoclast differentiation
which leads to increased bone resorption