miscellaneous Flashcards
what is the pathophysiology of renal artery stenosis ?
narrowing of one or both renal arteries
giving the kidneys the impression of low blood pressure
hence the activation of the RAAS
hence the high blood pressure
what are the causes of RAS ?
in women it is usually due to fibromuscular dysplasia
can happen in patients with history of atherosclerosis , coronary heart disease , hypertension , intermittent claudication
what is the cascade of hormones following the release of renin ?
renin
angiotensin I
angiotensin II
Aldosterone
what are the uses of ARB and ACEi in RAS ?
are only useful if there is unilateral stenosis and harmful in bilateral stenosis
what is the pathology in fibromuscular dysplasia ?
tunica media hyperplasia
what is seen on renal angiogram in FMD ?
string of beads appearance
what can be confused for FMD on renal angiogram ?
polyarteritis nodosa , but he beading is on the smaller vasculature
l bara - distal vasculature
associated with hepatitis B
if you have a neonate with hypertension following umbilical artery catheterization ?
increased renin
increased aldosterone
due to renal artery thrombosis
cushing witha recent change in mood or behavioural disturbamces ?
glucocrticoid psychosis
patient who drinks lots of tea with hypokalemia ?
causative source is licorice
what finding is distinctive in neuroblastoma on histology ?
homer wright rosettes
