Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

COM - Endocrine > Thyroid Gland - 2/3 Lopez > Flashcards

Thyroid Gland - 2/3 Lopez Flashcards

1
Q

Peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 is done by what enzyme?

A

Deiodinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What clinical states are associated with a reduction of conversion from T4 to T3?

A

Fasting
Medical/surgical stress
Catabolic diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What factors INC conversion of T4 to T3?

A

Hyperthyroid
Obesity
Cold exposure

HOC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What factors DEC conversion of T4 to T3?

A 
Pregnancy 
Fasting
Beta-blockers
Hepatic and renal failure
Aging 
Hypothyroid

ProFootBall HAH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is thyroglobulin synthesized from?

A

Tyrosine in thyroid follicular cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is TG packaged and where is TG sent?

A

Packaged in secretory vesicles and extruded into follicular lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is the iodine pump located?

What does it pump?

A

Basolateral membrane

2Na and 1 I- INTO the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What catalyzes the oxidation of I- to I2?

A

Peroxidase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Leftover DIT and MIT are iodinated by what?

Deficiency of this enzyme mimics what?

A

Thyroid Deiodinase

Dietary I2 deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What form is favored when the availability of iodide is restricted?

A

T3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What inhibits the sodium/iodine symporter?

What does this treat?

A

Perchlorate and thiocynate

Hyperthyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What inhibits the peroxidase enzyme?

A

Propylthiouracil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

High levels of I- do what?

What is this called?

A

Inhibit organification and inhibit synthesis of thyroid hormone

Wolff-Chiakoff effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the main binding protein of thyroid hormones?

What has a higher affinity for this protein?

A

TBG

T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What binding protein is in charge of getting thyroid hormones to your brain?

What is the other main binding protein?

A

Transthyretin (TTR)

Albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are TBG, Transient free hormone levels, and T3 resin uptake levels like in hepatic failure?

A

DEC
INC
INC

17
Q

What are TBG, Transient free hormone, and T3 resin uptake levels like in pregnancy?

A

INC
DEC
DEC

18
Q

What is TSH regulated by?

A

TRH

Free T3

19
Q

What enzyme is present in the anterior pituitary that regulates the conversion of T3?

A

Thyroid deiodinase type 2

20
Q

What is the 2nd messenger for TSH?

A

cAMP

21
Q

Patients with Graves’ disease have higher or lower than normal levels of TSH? Why?

A

Lower bc the high levels of circulating thyroid hormones inhibits production of TSH

22
Q

What do T3 and T4 stimulate in cardiac muscle cells?

A

Myosin
Beta-1-adrenergic receptors
Ca ATPase

23
Q

What nuclear receptor does T3 bind in the nucleus?

A

Retinoid X receptor

24
Q

What effect does T3 have on growth?

On CNS?

A

INC growth and bone maturation

Maturation of CNS

25
Q

What effect does T3 have on the heart?

A

INC CO

26
Q

How does T3/T4 affect BMR?

A

INC Na-K ATPase
INC O2 consumption
INC Heat production
INC BMR

27
Q

How does T3 affect metabolism?

A 
INC glucose absorption
INC glycogenolysis
INC gluconeogensis 
INC lipolysis
INC protein synthesis
28
Q

Patients with hypothyroidism have increased or decreased blood cholesterol levels?

A

INCREASED

[Plasma] of cholesterol and TAGs are inversely correlated with thyroid hormones

29
Q

How does T3 affect tissue thermogenesis?

This does what to systemic vascular resistance?

what happens next to diastolic BP?

Resulting in what in preload and afterload?

A

INC

DEC

DEC

INC preload, DEC afterload

30
Q

Thyroid hormones stimulate the synthesis of what kind of cardiac receptors?

A

Beta-1-adrenergic

31
Q

What happens in bone with excess thyroid hormone?

Deficiency?

A

Osteoporosis

Stunted growth

32
Q

Excess thyroid hormone in CNS?

Deficiency?

A

Agitation, anxiety, difficulty concentrating

Cretinism, impaired memory, DEC mental capacity

33
Q

What is are some causes of primary hypoparathyroidism?

Secondary?

A

Agenesis, Hashimoto’s, gland destruction

Hypothalamic disease, pituitary disease (Sheehan’s syndrome), resistance to thyroid hormones

34
Q

In Hashimoto’s disease what is impaired?

What does this lead to?

What are TSH levels like?

A

thyroid hormone synthesis by TG or TPO Abs

DEC T3 and T4 secretion

HIGH

35
Q

What is an example of secondary hyperthyroidism?

A

TSH-secreting pituitary adenomas

36
Q

What synthesizes thyroid hormones?

A

Follicular epithelial cells

COM - Endocrine (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions