Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

COM - Endocrine > Adrenal Gland Fx And Diseases - 2/9 Lopez > Flashcards

Adrenal Gland Fx And Diseases - 2/9 Lopez Flashcards

1
Q

A defect in 17a-hydroxylase results an increased production in what?

A

Aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A deficiency in 21B-hydroxylase results in what?

A

Directs the system towards androgen production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Deficit in 11B-hydroxylase results in what?

A

Directs system towards Androgens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do steroid hormones work?

Where are the receptors located?

Slow or fast acting?

A

Lipophilic, easily cross CM

Cytoplasm or nucleus

Slow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does ACTH contain?

What does it do?

A

alpha-MSH

Melanin synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the target tissues of cortisol?

A

LIAM

Liver, immune system, adipose, muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What effect does cortisol have on the following?

Liver
Immune system
Adipose
Muscle

A

Gluconeogenesis
Immune suppression
Lipolysis
Protein catabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When are secretory rates of cortisol high?

Low?

A

In the morning

Night/midnight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Exogenous cortisol may cause what with prolonged exposure?

A

Atrophy of the adrenal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cushing’s syndrome is caused by what?

Results in what?

A

Adrenal tumor

Hypercortisolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Cushing’s disease?

Result?

A

Tumor in pituitary gland

Hypercortisolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Addison’s disease?

Causes what?

A

Autoimmune disease of adrenal gland

Hypocortisolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In Hypocortisolism cortisol levels are low, what does this mean regarding CRH and ACTH levels?

A

Elevated because it detects low levels of cortisol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What causes secondary adrenal insufficiency?

A

Glucocorticoid drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When does hyper pigmentation result?

A

When ACTH levels are elevated (secondary/pituitary excess and primary deficiency)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the levels of the following in Cushing’s Syndrome

CRH
ACTH
Cortisol

A

DEC
DEC
INC

17
Q

Describe the levels of the following in Cushing’s disease

CRH
ACTH
Cortisol

A

DEC
INC
INC

18
Q

Describe the levels of the following in Addison’s Disease

CRH
ACTH
Cortisol

A

INC
INC
DEC

19
Q

Describe the levels of the following in Secondary adrenal insufficiency

CRH
ACTH
Cortisol

A

DEC
DEC
DEC

20
Q

What kind of receptor does aldosterone have?

A

Cytoplasmic receptor

Will translocate to nucleus to initiate transcription

21
Q

What causes primary hyperaldosteronism?

A

Excessive secretion of aldosterone from adrenal cortex

22
Q

What causes secondary hyperaldosteronism?

A

Excessive secretion by the JG cells of the kidney

23
Q

What is Conn’s syndrome?

A

Adenomas in the adrenal cortex, primary hyperaldosteronism

24
Q

What causes hypoaldosteronism?

A

Destruction of adrenal cortex
Defects in aldosterone synthesis
Inadequate stimulation of aldosterone secretion

25
Q

What are the clinical Sx of Addison’s disease?

Result of what?

A

Weakness, weight loss, hyperpigmentation

Primary deficiency of cortisol and aldosterone due to atrophy of adrenal cortex

26
Q

Describe the synthesis of epinephrine

A

Tyrosine -> dopa -> dopamine -> NE -> epinephrine

27
Q

Synthesis of NE -> Epi via what enzyme?

What stimulates production?

A

PNMT

Cortisol

28
Q

Where is NE synthesized in chromaffin cell?

Epi?

A

Within the chromaffin granule

Cytosol

29
Q

What is the RLS of epinephrine synthesis?

Give substrate, product, enzyme

A

Try -> L-dopa

Via enzyme Tyrosine hydroxylase

30
Q

How is Epi transported from the cytosol to the granule?

A

VMAT

31
Q

What are NE and Epi complexed with in the granule?

A

ATP, Ca, chromogranins

32
Q

Epi can be broken by what enzymes?

What is the ultimate breakdown product that can be measured in the urine?

A

COMT, MAO

VMA

33
Q

What receptor does epinephrine have higher affinity that NE for?

A

Beta-2

34
Q

What is pheochromocytomas?

Sx?

A

Tumor of chromaffin tissue
Produces excess catecholamines
Headaches, sweating, palpitation, hypertension

35
Q

What regulates the activity of cholesterol desmolase?

What does it regulate?

A

steroids genie acute regulatory protein (StAR)

Cholesterol transport transfer within the mitochondria

COM - Endocrine (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions