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Pharmacology > Thyroid Disorders > Flashcards

Thyroid Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Thryoid hormones have an important role in ____, ____, and _____

A

-Metabolism
-Cardiac function
-Growth (promotes maturation in infancy and childhood)

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2
Q

What is synthetic T4?

A

Levothyroxine

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3
Q

What test is most commonly done to test for thyroid function and to monitor dosing of medications?

A

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

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4
Q

When thyroid function is low, TSH is ____

A

high

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5
Q

Hypothyroidism
Causes

A

-Hashimoto’s (autoimmune)
-Insufficient iodine in diet
-Surgical removal of thyroid

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6
Q

What is the risk of hypothyroidism in the first trimester of pregnancy?

A

Permanent neuropsychologic deficits in the child

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7
Q

What is the risk of hypothyroidism in infants?

A

-Cognitive impairment
-Derangement of growth

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8
Q

What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?

A

-Grave disease (autoimmune)
-Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs)

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9
Q

Non-pharmacological treatment of Graves Disease

A

-Surgical removal of thyroid tissue
-Destruction of thyroid tissue (with radioactive iodine)

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10
Q

Medications for Graves Disease

A

-Methimazole
-Propylthiouracil (PTU)
-Beta blockers (control heart rate)

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11
Q

-Methimazole
-Propylthiouracil (PTU)
Mechanism

A

Suppression of thyroid hormone synthesis and release

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12
Q

What is thryotoxic crisis?

A

Extreme hyperthyroidism caused by significant stress (e.g. surgery or illness) - NOT triggered by a rise in thyroid hormones

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13
Q

Thyrotoxic crisis
Symptoms

A

Hyperthermia (105 or higher)
Restlessness
Tremor
Coma
Hypotension
Heart failure

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14
Q

Thyrotoxic Crisis
Treatment

A

Methimazole
Beta blocker

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15
Q

How do you take levothyroxine?

A

-Take in the morning at least 30-60 minutes before breakfast

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16
Q

Levothyroxine
Adverse effects

A

Tachycardia
Angina
Tremors

Mainly occur because dose is too high

17
Q

Methimazole vs. propylthiouracil (PTU)

A

-Methimazole does not cause liver damage associated with PTU
-Methimazole is more dangerous than PTU during lactation and 1st trimester of pregnancy
-PTU has shorter half-life - requires 2-3 doses per day

18
Q

Methimazole
Adverse effect

A

-Agranulocytosis (very serious! fever and sore throat can be signs)

19
Q

How long does it take for methimazole to work?

A

3-12 weeks

20
Q

Methimazole
Therapeutic Uses (4)

A

-1st line for Graves’ disease
-Adjunct to radiation therapy
-Suppress thyroid hormone to prepare for thyroid gland surgery
-Thryotoxic crisis

21
Q

When is PTU preferred over Methimazole?

A

1st trimester of pregnancy

22
Q

PTU
Adverse effects

A

Agranulocytosis
Sever liver damage

23
Q

Radioactive Iodine -131
How long to start working?

A

2-3 months for full effect

Pharmacology (21 decks)

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