Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > GI drugs > Flashcards

GI drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Peptic Ulcer Disease
Cause

A

Imbalance between mucosal defenses and aggressive factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Peptic Ulcer Disease
Symptoms

A

Burning Pain: A burning or gnawing pain in the upper abdomen, typically between the navel and the breastbone.
Pain Relief: Pain may temporarily improve after eating, drinking milk, or taking antacids.
Nighttime Pain: Pain may worsen at night and wake the person from sleep.
Nausea and Vomiting: Nausea and occasional vomiting may occur.
Indigestion: Feeling bloated, full, or uncomfortable after eating, along with belching or gas.
Loss of Appetite: Decreased interest in food due to discomfort.
Unintended Weight Loss: Loss of weight without intentional diet changes.
Dark Stools: Stools may appear dark and tarry due to bleeding from the ulcer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Aggressive factors that cause PUD

A

H. pylori
NSAIDs
Acid
Pepsin
Smoking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Defensive factors of PUD

A

Mucus
Bicarbonate
Blood flow
Prostaglandins (stimulate secretion of mucus and bicarbonate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why do NSAIDs cause ulcers?

A

Inhibit the biosynthesis of prostaglandins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do antiulcer drugs work?

A

-Eradicate H. pylori
-Reduce gastric activity (antisecretory agents, misoprostol)
-Enhance mucosal defenses
(sucralfate, misoprostol)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

H. Pylori treatment

A

Antibiotics
Antisecretory agent (H2 blocker or PPI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

H. Pylori antibiotic treatment

-which ones?
-how long?

A

2-3 of the following:

Amoxicillin
Clarithromycin
Bismuth compounds
Tetracycline
Metronidazole

Can require up to 12 pills/day up to 14 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Histamine 2 Receptor Blockers end in _______

A

tidine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cimetidine (Tagamet)
Ranitidine (Zantac)
Famotidine (Pepcid)

are all ______

A

H2 blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

H2 Receptor Blockers
Mechanism

A

Suppress secretion of gastric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

First-choice drugs for treating gastric and duodenal ulcers

A

H2 blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cimetidine (Tagamet)
Adverse effects

A

-May cause CNS effects like confusion (esp older patients)
-IV bolus may experience hypotension and dysrhythmias
-P450 inhibitor
-Antiandrogenic effects (impotence)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cimetidine vs Ranitinide

A

Ranitidine is 2nd generation and preferred because it does not anti-andronergic effects, causes fewer drug interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

PPIs
Therapeutic uses

A

Most effective drugs for suppressing secretion of gastric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

PPIs
Adverse effects

A

-Fracture
-Pneumonia
-Acid rebound
-C. diff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Omeprazole (Prilosec)
Class

A

PPI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Omeprazole
Mechanism

A

Inhibits gastric secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Omeprazole
Half-life

A

Short half-life (but active metabolites bind to proton pump) so effects last several days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Sucralfate
Mechanism

A

Protective barrier up to 6 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Misoprostol (Cytotec)
Class

A

Synthetic prostaglandin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Misoprostol
Uses

A

Gastric ulcers caused by NSAIDs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Misoprostol
Adverse effects

A

Dose-related diarrhea
Contraindicated in pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Antacids (calcium, magnesium, and aluminum compounds)
Mechanism

A

React with gastric acid to produce neutral salts or salts of low acidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Antacids
Which patients should you use with caution in?

A

Pts with renal impairment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What causes nausea?

A

Complex reflex after activating vomiting center in medulla oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Types of receptors involved in emetic response

A

Serotonin, glucocorticoids, substance P, neurokinin, dopamine, acetylcholine, and histamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Ondansetron (zofran)
Mechanism

A

Serotonin receptor antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What was zofran first approved for?

A

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Zofran works much better when used with _______

A

dexamethasone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

First line treatment for highly emetogenic chemotherapy

A

Ondenastron + dexamethasone

32
Q

Aprepitant (Emend)
Mechanism

A

Substance P/neurokinin antagonist

33
Q

Aprepitant
Use

A

Antiemetic
Prolonged duration of action - helpful for DELAYED N/V caused by chemo

34
Q

Benzodiazepine use as antiemetic

A

Suppression of anticipatory emesis

35
Q

Phenothiazine (prochlorperazine, promethazine)
Use

A

Antiemetic

36
Q

Phenothiazine (prochlorperazine, promethazine)
Adverse effects

A

Extrapyramidal reactions
Anticholinergic effects
Hypotension and sedation

37
Q

Metoclopramide (Reglan)
Use

A

Antiemetic

38
Q

Metoclopramide (Reglan)
Mechanism

A

Dopamine antagonist

39
Q

Dronabinol (Marinol)
Class

A

Cannabinoid

40
Q

Nabilone (Cesamet)
Class

A

Cannabinoid

41
Q

When to administer antiemetics

A

More effective in preventing nausea than suppressing nausea in progress

42
Q

Scopolamine
Use

A

Motion sickness

43
Q

Scopolamine
Class

A

Muscarinic antagonist
(Anticholinergic)

44
Q

Scopolamine
Adverse effects

A

Dry mouth
Blurred vision
Drowsiness

45
Q

Drugs for motion sickness

A

Scopolamine & antihistamines

46
Q

Meclizine (Antivert)
Class/use

A

Antihistamine
Drug for motion sickness

47
Q

Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)
Class

A

Antihistamine

48
Q

Antihistamine side effects

A

-Sedation
-Anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation)

49
Q

Diarrhea
Causes

A

-Infection
-Maldigestion
-Inflammation
-Functional disorders of the bowel (IBS)

50
Q

Lomotil (Diphenoxylate)
Imodium (Loperamide)
Uses

A

Antidiarrheal

51
Q

What deters abuse for antidiarrheal opiods?

A

Many are not water-soluble and can’t be injected

52
Q

Function of the colon

A

-Absorbs water and electrolytes

53
Q

What is considered normal frequency of bowel elimination?

A

2-3 times/day to 2x/week

54
Q

How does dietary fiber help bowel function?

A

Absorbs water, softens feces, and increases size

55
Q

When do you hold off on laxative use?

A

-Abdominal pain, nausea, cramps, guarding/extreme tenderness upon palpation - do NOT give laxatives until further work up rules out other GI conditions such as appendicitis or diverticulitis
-Fecal impaction

56
Q

What are the 4 types of laxatives?

A

-Bulk-forming
-Surfactant
-Stimulant
-Osmotic

57
Q

Docusate sodium is a ____ laxative

A

Surfactant

58
Q

Bisacodul [Dulcolax] is a ____ laxative

A

stimulant

59
Q

Class of the following medications:
Milk of magnesia (MOM)
Polyethlyene gycol (PEG)
Sodium phosphate

A

Osmotic laxatives

60
Q

Which laxatives work more quickly (6-12 hours)?

A

Stimulant and Osmotic laxatives

61
Q

Which laxative is used for opioid-induced constipation?

A

Stimulant medications

62
Q

Metamucil
Citrucel

Class

A

Bulk-forming laxatives

63
Q

What is a rare adverse effect of bulk-forming laxatives? How do you prevent it?

A

Esophageal obstruction
Take with a full glass of water

64
Q

What laxative is used to prevent opioid-induced constipation?

A

Surfactant laxative (e.g. docusate sodium - colace)

65
Q

Osmotic laxatives
Adverse effects

A

-Dehydration
-Acute renal failure
-Exacerbated heart failure, hypertension, edema

66
Q

In which patients would you use sodium phosphate products with caution?

A

Patients with renal or cardiac disease

67
Q

Sodium phosphate, Prepopik, and PEG-ELS (polyethylene glycol pls electrolytes) are all used for _____

A

Bowel cleansing products for colonoscopy

68
Q

Sodium phosphate
Tonicity

A

Hypertonic

69
Q

Sodium picosulfate
Magnesium Oxide
Citric Acid

Components of which drug?

A

Prepopik

70
Q

Which bowel cleansing product is best for patients with renal and cardiac disease?

A

PEG-ELS
Polyethylene glycol plus electrolytes

(Isotonic - does not cause electrolyte shifts)

71
Q

Sodium phosphate
Adverse effects

A

Nausea
Bloating
Abdominal discomfort
Risk of dehydration
Electrolyte disturbances
Kidney damage
Hyperphosphatemia

72
Q

GoLTYELY
Generic name

A

Polyethylene Glycol

73
Q

GoLYTELY
Administration for bowel prep

A

250-300mL every 10 minutes for 2-3 hours

74
Q

GoLYTELY
Adverse effects

A

Nausea
Bloating
Abdominal discomfort

75
Q

Low volume bowel prep that is a combo of osmotic and stimulant laxatives

A

Prepopik

76
Q

Bowel replenishment after evacuation can take ____ days

A

2-5

77
Q

Consequences of laxative abuse

A

Diminished defecatory reflexes
leading to further reliance on laxatives

Pharmacology (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions