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Pharmacology > Psychiatric & Neurological Drugs > Flashcards

Psychiatric & Neurological Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

First-generation antipsychotics (FGAs)

Mechanism

A

Block dopamine type 2 receptors in CNS

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2
Q

Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) or atypical antipsychotics

Mechanism

A

Produces only a moderate blockade of dopamine 2 receptors; stronger serotonin blockade

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3
Q

Compared to first-generation antipsychotics, second-generation antipsychotics have a higher risk of _______

A

metabolic effects (weight gain, diabetes, dyslipidemia)

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4
Q

generic for thorazine

A

chlorpromazine HCL

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5
Q

treatment for acute dystonic reaction

A

anticholinergic drug like diphenhydramine or benzotropine

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6
Q

neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A

rare but serious reaction that risks death without treatment- sweating, rigidity, sudden high fever, autonomic instability, muscle pain and breakdown

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7
Q

adverse effects of antipsychotics

A

-EPS
-orthostatic hypotension
-anticholinergic effects
-sedation
-neuroendocrine effects: gynecomastia, galactorrhea, menstrual irregularity
-sexual dysfunction
-dermatologic effects

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8
Q

antipsychotics

drug interactions

A

-anticholinergic drugs
-CNS depressants
-Levodopa and direct dopamine receptor agonists

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9
Q

Clozapine

Adverse effects

A

Less risk of EPS than FGAs
Increased risk of weight gain, diabetes, and dyslipidemia
agranulocytosis - low neutrophil count - watch for fever, sore throat

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10
Q

Aripiprazole trade name

A

Abilify

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11
Q

sertraline trade name

A

Zoloft

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12
Q

fluoxetine trade name

A

Prozac

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13
Q

paroxetine trade name

A

paxil

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14
Q

SSRIs cause CNS _____

A

excitation

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15
Q

When does serotonin syndrome begin?

A

Usually 2-72 hours after treatment, but drug interactions can cause it too (such as concurrent treatment of SSRIs and MAOIs)

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16
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome?

A

-Altered mental status (agitation, confusion, disorientation, anxiety, hallucinations)
-Incoordination, myoclonus, hyperreflexia, sweating, fever

17
Q

Adverse effects of SSRIs

A

-Withdrawal syndrome
-Neonatal effects
-Teratogenesis
-Bleeding disorders
-Sexual dysfunction
-Weight gain

18
Q

Drug interactions with SSRIs

A

MAOIs (risk of serotonin syndrome)
Aspirin and NSAIDs (may increase bleeding risks)

19
Q

Venlafaxine (Effexor)

Mechanism of action

A

SSRI/SNRI

20
Q

Why can’t SNRIs be combined with MAOIs?

A

Hypertensive crisis is an adverse effect

21
Q

SNRI side effects

A

Most overlap with SSRIs

ALSO diastolic hypertension

22
Q

Tricyclic antidepressants

Adverse effects

A

Sedation, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects, cardiac toxicity

23
Q

Tricyclic antidepressants

Mechanism of action

A

Block NE and serotonin reuptake

24
Q

What is an alternative therapeutic use of a tricyclic antidepressant?

A

Treats neuropathic pain

25
Q

TCAs

Drug interactions

A

MAOIs
Anticholinergic agents
CNS depressants

26
Q

TCAs

Toxicity

A

Primarily from cardiotoxic actions
-Dysrhythmias
-Tachycardia

27
Q

Treatment of TCA toxicity

A

Gastric lavage
Ingestion activated charcoal

28
Q

Why are MAOIs not used frequently?

A

Risk of triggering hypertensive crisis if patient eats foods high in tyramine

29
Q

What are the symptoms of a hypertensive crisis?

A

Severe headache
Tachycardia
Nausea and vomiting
Confusion
Profuse sweating
Stroke

30
Q

Benzos

adverse effects

A

-CNS depression
-Respiratory depression
-Anterograde amnesia
-Complex sleep-related behaviors

31
Q

Benzos

Drug interactions

A

-CNS depressants

32
Q

Benzo

Toxicity

A

-Respiratory depression a big concern if given IV
-Cardiovascular depression can also occur

33
Q

Flumazenil

A

-Antidote for benzo overdose
-Can reverse some symptoms of CNS depression, but does not reliably reveres respiratory depression and may cause seizures

34
Q

How do barbiturates affect other drugs in your system?

A

Barbiturates induce enzymes in the liver, so they speed up the metabolism of other drugs

35
Q

How does tolerance differ between barbiturates and opiates?

A

Tolerance to respiratory depression does NOT develop with barbiturates

36
Q

Barbiturates

Therapeutic uses

A

Seizures
Anethesia

Pharmacology (21 decks)

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