Asthma/COPD Flashcards
Asthma
Cause
Immune-mediated airway inflammation
What class of drugs treat the inflammation in asthma and COPD?
Glucocorticoids
End in -sone
What drugs treat bronchoconstriction?
Beta agonists
Anticholinergics
What is the ending of the names of beta agonists?
-rol
like albuterol
COPD
Signs and symptoms
Chronic cough
Excessive sputum production
Wheezing
Dyspnea
Poor exercise tolerance
Symptoms of COPD largely result from these 2 conditions
Emphysema
Chronic bronchitis
Salmeterol
Fomoterol
Class
Long-acting beta agonists (LABA)
Quick acting rescue drug for asthma (SABA)
albuterol
Ipratropium
Tiotropium
Class
Anticholinergic bronchodilators
Glucocorticoids
Route of administration
Inhalation
IV
PO (second-line, more systemic adverse effects)
Glucocorticoids (e.g. prednisone)
PO
Long-term adverse effects
Adrenal suppression (need to taper before stopping, need to give “stress doses” such as surgery or hemorrhage)
Growth suppression in children
Osteoporosis
Hyperglycemia
Peptic ulcer disease
Montelukast [Singulair]
Class
Use
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist
Second-line or adjunct anti-inflammatory for asthma
Montelukast [Singulair]
Adverse effect
Risk of neuropsychiatric effects - depression, suicidality
For asthma what drugs should the patient be on?
SABA and glucocortitoid
Beta agonists
Adverse effects
Tachycardia (beta 1)
Angina (beta 1)
Tremor (beta 2 effect)
Ipratropium
Inhaled preparations-
Adverse effects
Dry mouth and throat
Anticholinergic
(Contraindicated in glaucoma)
Cardiovascular events
Fluticasone/salmeterol (Advair)
Class
Glucocorticoid/LABA combo
When is Advair Fluticason/salmeterol (Advair) indicated?
-Severe, persistent asthma
-Not recommended for initial therapy
-Used when albuterol and glucocorticoids are not enough
Drugs for acute asthma attack
Oxygen
IV glucocorticoid and fluids
Nebulized high-dose albuterol
Nebulized ipratropium
Intubation sometimes necessary
Exercise-induced asthma treatment
Albuterol immediately before exercise
Drugs for COPD
SABA and LABA
Glucocorticoids
Oxygen
Which drugs can cause fungal infections of the mouth?
Inhaled glucocorticoids
