Thyroid disease

Question 1

What are the causes of hyperthyroidism

Answer 1

1. Graves disease
2. Toxic Multinodular goitre
3. Toxic adenoma
4. Ectopic thyroid tissue
5. Drugs (amiodorone + lithium)
6. Thyroid tumour

Question 2

What are some of the signs of hyperthyroidism

Answer 2

1. Clubbing
2. fine tremor
3. sweating
4. lid lag
5. AF
6. proximal myopathy
7. pretibial myxoedema
   8 brisk reflexes
8. palpitations

Question 3

in addition to the symptoms of hyperthyroidism what are the symptoms of graves

Answer 3

1. Goitre
2. Eye signs (proptosis, keratopathy , exophthalmus )
3. thyrotoxicosis

Question 4

what is the treatment of hyperthyroidism / graves

Answer 4

1. Proapanolol
2. Carbimazol +/- thyroxine (block and replace)
3. radioactive iodine (risk of thyrotoxic storm)
4. surgery

Question 5

What are the causes of hypothyroidism

Answer 5

1. Iodine deficiency (developing world)
2. Autoimmune disease (hasimotos)
3. congenital
4. drugs (amiodarone + lithium)
5. anti thyroid medication

Question 6

what are some of the features of hypothyroidism

Answer 6

1. peaches and cream complexion
2. bradycardia
3. slow relaxation
4. tiredness
5. decreased cognitive function
6. dry and cold skin
7. thinking hair, and loss of the outer 1/3 of the eyebrows
8. constipation
9. proximal myopathy

Question 7

what is the treatment of hypothyroidism

Answer 7

1. levothyroxine for life (50 micrograms in young and 25 micrograms in elderly)