Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Finals - Endocrine > Pituitary Gland > Flashcards

Pituitary Gland Flashcards

1
Q

What hormones are secreted from the anterior and posterior pituitary gland?

A

6 Anterior:

  • LH
  • FSH
  • TSH
  • Prolactin
  • ATCH
  • GH

2 Posterior:

  • ADH
  • Oxytocin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a pituitary adenoma?

A

A benign tumour of the pituitary gland resulting in:

  • excess hormone production of a particular hormon
  • Mass effect
  • Reduced production of all other hormones in the pituitary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What condition is caused by excess GH

A

Acromegaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what condition is caused by excess ACTH / Cortisol

A

Cushings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What condition is caused by excess prolactin

A

Prolactinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the features of functioning and non functioning adenomas

A

Functions = hormone producing and therefore are identified earlier due to the effects of excess hormones

Non functioning = non hormone producing and therefore identified later due to mass effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What symptoms are caused due to mass effect?

A
  1. Bitemporal hemianopia
  2. CN III, IV and VI palsy
  3. headaches
  4. Change in appetite, temperature regulation, thirst, GCS etc if the hypothalamus is involved
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Features of a prolactinoma

A
  1. Gynocomastia
  2. decreased libido
  3. Oligomenhorrea
  4. menhorragia
  5. Amenhorrea
  6. Small testes
  7. Impotence in males
  8. loss of facial hair
  9. osteoporosis
  10. Decreased fertility
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Investigations in prolactinoma

A
  1. Basal prolactin (Non stressful 9am-4pm)
  2. TFTs
  3. pregnancy test
  4. MRI of pituitary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Treatment of prolactinoma

A

Dopamine agonist + referral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Signs of acromegaly

A
  1. Growth of bone and soft tissues
  2. Widely spaced teeth
  3. Prognathism - protruding jaw
  4. Boggy palms
  5. Big tounge, big heart, bit thyroid
  6. increased sweating
  7. high BP, arrhythmias
  8. Prominent forehead
  9. Increased skin creases
  10. Carpel tunnel and thenar eminence waisting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Symptoms of acromegaly

A
  1. headache
  2. decreased libido
  3. amenhorrea
  4. galactorrhea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why do you get loss of libido and amenhorrea in acromegaly

A

because 1/3 of patients also have increased prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

complications of acromegaly (ABCDE)

A 
A - Arrhythmias
B - BP high 
C - Carpel Tunnel and Colorectal cancer
D - Diabetes
E - Enlarged hands, tongue, feet and goitre
F - Fields and bi temporal hemianopia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why is there a risk of getting Diabetes in Acromegaly?

A

Acromegaly is due to the increased secretion of GH and IGH (insulin like growth hormone) which acts as an “anti insulin” and causes diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What screening is required in people with acromegaly

A

Colonoscopy annually after the age of 40 due to the increased risk of colorectal cancer

17
Q

Investigations of acromegaly

A

Bloods:

  • OGTT
  • Glucose
  • GH / IGF
  • Calcium
  • Phosphate

Bedside:

  • ECG (arrhythmias)
  • Urine dip (Glucose)

Other
- Visual fields

18
Q

Treatment of acromegaly

A
  • Somatosatin anologues

- surgical removal

19
Q

Definition of cushings

A

Excess ATCH and therefore Excess cortisol due to either ATCH dependent (pituitary problem / ectopic tissue) or Non ATCH dependent (adrenal adenoma)

20
Q

Features of cushings disease

A

LEMON ON A STICK!

  1. Increase central obestity
  2. Moon face
  3. Acne
  4. Intrascapular fat pads
  5. Frontal balding
  6. Thin limbs
  7. hyper pigmentation
  8. osteoporosis
  9. Diabetes
21
Q

Investigations of cushings disease

A
  1. Low dose dexamethosone test (high dose is secdond line)
  2. 24hr urinary cortisol
  3. Plasma ATCH if any of the above are positive
22
Q

treatment of cushings disease

A

if drugs are the cause (steroids) = Stop the drugs

otherwise = surgery to remove pituitary adenoma

23
Q

definition of hypothalamic pituitary disease

A

decrease in all pituitary hormones

24
Q

What are the features of hypothalamic pituitary disease

A
  1. Fatigue
  2. Myalgia
  3. hypotension (Low GH)
  4. Diabetes insidious with polyuria and polydipsia (low ADH)
  5. Hypothyroidism (low TSH)

Finals - Endocrine (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions