Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Finals - Endocrine > Diabetes > Flashcards

Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of Diabetes

A

a complete lack of or a decreased sensitivity to insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the definition of Diabetes with regards to Fasting blood glucose, random blood glucose, and HBA1C?

A

FBG = >7

RBG = 11.1

HBA1C = >48mmol (7.5%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the numerical definition of impaired glucose tolerence?

A

FBG = 6-7

HBA1C = 42-48

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What tests can you do to investigate a patient with diabetes

A
  1. Finger prick test
  2. Urine glucose
  3. HBA1C
  4. Oral glucose tolerence test
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the definitionof Type 1 diabetes

A

This is the complete lack of insulin due to autoimmune destruction of beta cells in the islets of langerhan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the presentation of Type 1 diabetes?

A
  1. Polyurea
  2. Polydipsea
  3. Weight loss
  4. Urinary or serum ketones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the definition of type 2 diabetes?

A

decreased sensitivity and decreased production of insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the presentation of type 2 diabetes

A
  1. Polyurea
  2. Polydipsia
  3. Tired
  4. Increase in weight
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the test to differentiate between a diagnosis of T1DM and T2DM ?

What is the result?

A

C - Peptide - its also created in the pancreas

Low levels = T1 DM

High levels = T2 DM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the secondary causes of diabetes

A
  1. Drugs - Anti HIV, Steroids, Thiazides, Atypical Antipsychotics
  2. Pancreatic damage - Destruction e.g. surgery / AI, Removal, infection / trauma, cancer
  3. Endocrine - Acromegaly, Cushings, Pregnancy, PCC, Hyperthyroidism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the management of Type 1 DM

A
  1. Insulin
    - Fast Acting (Nova rapid)
    - Intermediate acting (Glargine)
    - Mixed (both long and short acting)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the management of type 2 DM?

A
  1. Metormin
    • Gliptin, Suplphonylurea, Thiazid
  3. insulin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What regimen could be used for insulin?

A
  1. BD - two inermediate acting insulins
  2. QDS - 1 x Long acting and 3 x Short acting
  3. OD - 1 x long acting given at night
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the function of metformin

A

Increase insulin sensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the function of sulphonamides

A

Increase insulin secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the function of thaizolidinediones (Pioglitazone)

A

Increase insulin sensitivity

17
Q

What is the function of glistens

A

inhibit glucagon secretion

18
Q

What is the function of SGLT2

A

Inhibit renal glucose reabsorption

19
Q

What is the management of Type 1 DM

A
  1. Insulin
    - Fast Acting (Nova rapid)
    - Intermediate acting (Glargine)
    - Mixed (both long and short acting)
20
Q

What is the management of type 2 DM?

A
  1. Metormin
    • Gliptin, Suplphonylurea, Thiazid
  3. insulin
21
Q

What regimen could be used for insulin?

A
  1. BD - two inermediate acting insulins
  2. QDS - 1 x Long acting and 3 x Short acting
  3. OD - 1 x long acting given at night
22
Q

What is the function of metformin

A

Increase insulin sensitivity

23
Q

What is the function of sulphonamides

A

Increase insulin secretion

24
Q

What is the function of thaizolidinediones (Pioglitazone)

A

Increase insulin sensitivity

25
Q

What is the function of glistens

A

inhibit glucagon secretion

26
Q

What is the function of SGLT2

A

Inhibit renal glucose reabsorption

27
Q

What are the complications of diabetes (Split in to 3 sections)

A

Eyes

  • Diabetic retinopathy
  • Diabetic Maculopathy
  • Glaucoma
  • Cataracts

Renal
- Diabetic nephropathy

Neuropathy

  • Acute painful
  • Sensory motor
  • Amtrophy
  • Autonomic
28
Q

What are the side effects of Metformin?

A

GI Upset

Lactic acidosis

29
Q

What are the side effects of sulphonamides

A

Hypoglycaemia
Weight gain
Hyponatremia

30
Q

What are the side effects of thaizolidinediones

A 
Weight gain 
fluid retention (contraindicated in HF or HTN)
31
Q

What are the side effects of gliptins

A

Pacreatitis

32
Q

What is the risks of SGLT2

A

increased risk of DKA

33
Q

What is the treatment of gastroparesis

A

Meterclopermide

erythromycin

34
Q

Treatment of postural hypotension

A

Fludrocortisone

35
Q

What are the features of autonomic neuropathy

A
  1. Gastroparesis
  2. Nausea and vomiting
  3. postural hypotension
  4. sweating
  5. erectile dysfunction
  6. urinary retention
36
Q

What are the main components of a diabetic review

A
  1. Check for microvascular complications (Eyes, renal function, neuropathy)
  2. Check for microvascular complications (BP, Lipids, BMI, Diet)
  3. Check patients control
  4. Check for side effects

Finals - Endocrine (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions