thyroid conditions Flashcards
the thyroid gland
wraps around the trachea, hormone secreting cells organised into colloid filled follicles, synthesised in follicular epithelial cells
role of calcitonin
plays an important role in calcium metabolism
what is T4
thyroxine, inactive but is converted to T3 by deiodinases in target cells
structure of T4
contains 4 iodine, and is hydrophobic
role of T3
increases oxygen consumption, body temperature, increased cardiac output and breakdown of energy stores
formation of T3
iodination of tyrosine, iodine is attached to tyrosine residues of thyroglobulin in a stepwise manner
epidemiology of goitre
thyroid cancer, papillary- most common, slow growing
follicular - more aggressive, generally in iodine deficiency
hurthle cell - sub type
medullary - C cells origination, more aggressive
anaplastic - undifferentiated form, very aggressive
thyroid cancer symptoms
lump, hoarse voice, sore throat, swallowing difficulty
goitre treatment
dependent on type/scale, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy (cisplatin), targeted chemotherapy (lenvatinib)
epidemiology of hypothyroidism
2% of people, commonly caused by lack of dietary iodine, women more likely than men
symptoms of hypothyroidism
slow metabolism, weakness, cold, slow, memory loss, constipation, depression, weight gain, dry skin
diagnosis of hypothyroidism
high TSH and low T3/T4
acceptable values (TSH/FT4/FT3)
TSH: 0.4-4.5
FT3: 4-7.8
FT4: 10-24
hypothyroidism treatment
levothyroxine, 50-100mcg OM on empty stomach
hyperthyroidism epidemiology
graves disease - antibodies that mimic TSH
toxic nodular goitre, thyroid adenomas
women»_space;» men
