pituitary conditions Flashcards
what does the pituitary do
secretes hormones that control the actions of other endocrine glands
posterior gland
nervous tissue - vasopressin and oxytocin
anterior gland
glandular epithelial tissue - releases FSH, LH, GH, TSH, ACTH and prolactin. three hormone sequence
FSH
follicle stimulating hormone, stimulates secretion of sex hormones
LH
luteinizing hormone, stimulates secretion of sex hormones
GH
growth hormones, stimulates secretion of IGF-1 & protein synthesis, carbohydrate, lipid metabolism
TSH
thyroid stimulating hormone, stimulates thyroid hormone release from thyroid gland
ACTH
adrenocorticotropic hormone, stimulates cortisol secretion from adrenal cortex
prolactin
stimulates milk production and breast development in females
oxytocin
causes uterine muscle contraction, milk ejection and influences social behaviours in women
ADH
anti-diuretic hormone, enhances water retention
diabetes insipidus
nephrogenic - collecting ducts do not respond to ADH - genetic/drug/electrolyte related
cranial - no ADH produced - random/tumour/injury related
symptoms of diabetes insipidus
polyuria, dehydration, hyponatremia, postural hypotension
diabetes insipidus diagnosis
water deprivation test - fasting urine test, then giving desmopressin
cranial : 1st low, 2nd high
nephrogenic: both low
diabetes insipidus treatment
treat the cause
- vasopressin injection
- desmopressin injection/tablet/nasal spray
growth hormone deficiency
primary: pituitary defect
secondary: hypothalamic or target dysfunction
symptoms of growth hormone deficiency
short stature, reduced muscle protein synthesis, increased fat deposition
growth hormone deficiency treatment
somatotropin- recombinant GH (somatorelin)
growth hormone excess
benign tumour of somatrophs
symptoms of growth hormone excess
acromegaly, gigantism
treatment of growth hormone excess
surgery, somatostatin, dopamine or GHRH agonists
somatostatin
produced by hypothalamus inhibiting the release of GH, TSH, insulin, glucagon and most GI hormones
