pituitary conditions

Question 1

what does the pituitary do

Answer 1

secretes hormones that control the actions of other endocrine glands

Question 2

posterior gland

Answer 2

nervous tissue - vasopressin and oxytocin

Question 3

anterior gland

Answer 3

glandular epithelial tissue - releases FSH, LH, GH, TSH, ACTH and prolactin. three hormone sequence

Question 4

FSH

Answer 4

follicle stimulating hormone, stimulates secretion of sex hormones

Question 5

LH

Answer 5

luteinizing hormone, stimulates secretion of sex hormones

Question 6

GH

Answer 6

growth hormones, stimulates secretion of IGF-1 & protein synthesis, carbohydrate, lipid metabolism

Question 7

TSH

Answer 7

thyroid stimulating hormone, stimulates thyroid hormone release from thyroid gland

Question 8

ACTH

Answer 8

adrenocorticotropic hormone, stimulates cortisol secretion from adrenal cortex

Question 9

prolactin

Answer 9

stimulates milk production and breast development in females

Question 10

oxytocin

Answer 10

causes uterine muscle contraction, milk ejection and influences social behaviours in women

Question 11

ADH

Answer 11

anti-diuretic hormone, enhances water retention

Question 12

diabetes insipidus

Answer 12

nephrogenic - collecting ducts do not respond to ADH - genetic/drug/electrolyte related
cranial - no ADH produced - random/tumour/injury related

Question 13

symptoms of diabetes insipidus

Answer 13

polyuria, dehydration, hyponatremia, postural hypotension

Question 14

diabetes insipidus diagnosis

Answer 14

water deprivation test - fasting urine test, then giving desmopressin
cranial : 1st low, 2nd high
nephrogenic: both low

Question 15

diabetes insipidus treatment

Answer 15

treat the cause
- vasopressin injection
- desmopressin injection/tablet/nasal spray

Question 16

growth hormone deficiency

Answer 16

primary: pituitary defect
secondary: hypothalamic or target dysfunction

Question 17

symptoms of growth hormone deficiency

Answer 17

short stature, reduced muscle protein synthesis, increased fat deposition

Question 18

growth hormone deficiency treatment

Answer 18

somatotropin- recombinant GH (somatorelin)

Question 19

growth hormone excess

Answer 19

benign tumour of somatrophs

Question 20

symptoms of growth hormone excess

Answer 20

acromegaly, gigantism

Question 21

treatment of growth hormone excess

Answer 21

surgery, somatostatin, dopamine or GHRH agonists

Question 22

somatostatin

Answer 22

produced by hypothalamus inhibiting the release of GH, TSH, insulin, glucagon and most GI hormones