Insulin Flashcards
primary structure of insulin
contains 2 peptide chains linked by disulphide bridges at A7 and A20
secondary structure of insulin
alpha helix split into three segments
tertiary structure of insulin
disulphide bridges
quaternary structure
forms dimers in solution, forms a hexamer with 2 zinc irons and 3 insulin dimers - globular
sources of insulin
bovine/porcine, semi-synthetic and biosynthetic
how does zinc/protamine affect release time
reduces the rate of absorption
formulation, onset, peak and duration of soluble insulin
dimer form, onset of 30-60 minutes, peak of 2-4 hours and duration of 8 hours
insulin zinc suspension formulation, onset, peak and duration
insulin in solid particles, onset of 2-12 hours, peak of 2-24 hours and duration of 12-36 hours depending on whether its crystalline, amorphous or mixed
isophane insulin formulation, onset, peak and duration
insulin complexed with protamine from salmon sperm, onset of 1-2 hours, peak action 4-12 hours, duration of 24 hours
promatine zinc insulin formulation, onset, peak and duration
insulin complexed with zinc and protamine, onset is 4-6 hours, peak is 10-20 hours and duration 24-36 hours
what is biphasic isophane insulin
soluble insulin and protamine
what is insulin aspart
novorapid - recombinant human insulin analogue from yeast, short acting with 10 - 20 min onset of action (reduced self aggregation)
what is insulin glulisine
apidra - recombinant human insulin analogue using recombinant bacteria with reduced self aggregation, 5 - 10 minutes onset
what is insulin lispro
humalog - recombinant human insulin analogue using recombinant bacteria. short acting 10 - 20 minutes onset of action
what is insulin glargine
lantus - recombinant human insulin analogue using recombinant bacteria. completely soluble at pH 4, slow acting, 1 hour onset of action
