Thyroid

Question 1

nervous connection

Answer 1

hypo to posterior pituitary gland

Question 2

humoral connection

Answer 2

hypo to anterior pituitary

Question 3

anatomic connection

Answer 3

pituitary stalk
aka “infundibulum”

Question 4

arcuate nucleus

Answer 4

Thyroid
collection of cells in the hypothalamus

Question 5

anterior pituitary

Answer 5

contains thyotropes

Question 6

posterior pituitary

Answer 6

secretes ADH and oxytocin

Question 7

thyrotropes

Answer 7

cells in A.P that have 1 on 1 connection with the thyroid

Question 8

HP thyroid axis

Answer 8

arcuate nucleus-> source of signal-> TRH

Question 9

TRH

Answer 9

thyrotropin releasing hormone
gets released into PS and through blood vessels to AP and interacts with receptors on thyrotropes

Question 10

hypothalamo hypophyse portal system

Answer 10

efferent blood one system (hypothalamus) becomes afferent blood in another system (AP)
unidirectional, maybe bidirectional

Question 11

TSH

Answer 11

thyroid stimulating hormone
polypeptide excreted by exocytosis

Question 12

iodine

Answer 12

essential for production of TH

Question 13

TSH binds to receptor

Answer 13

1. increase sodium iodide symporter
2. increase pendrin
3. thyroperoxidase (TPO) upregulation (generates H2O2)
4. organification
5. conjugation of DIT and MIT
6. pinocytosis
7. secretion

Question 14

T3 more lipophilic than T4

Answer 14

true

Question 15

transthyretin

Answer 15

chaperone
doesn’t bind with covalent bonds

Question 16

tronbthyrectin

Answer 16

T-binding globulin
affinity for T4

Question 17

south of neck=

Answer 17

long negative feedback

Question 18

if cannot regulate negative feedback

Answer 18

hypothyroidism

Question 19

long loop negative feeback

Answer 19

T3/T4 in bloodstream inhibits TRH at hypothalamus

Question 20

TRH stimulates

Answer 20

thyrotropes in anterior pituitary in order to make T3/T4

Question 21

ultra short negative feedback

Answer 21

TRH will go from ap to hypothalamus to regulate its own secretion

Question 22

colloid

Answer 22

TSH bind to receptor
cAMP will stimulate adenylate cyclase

Question 23

TRH bind to receptor

Answer 23

stimulates GPCR
phospholipase produces DAG and IP3
DAG makes protein kinase C, IP3 enters SR to release calcium and cause exocytosis