Renal Flashcards
ammoniotelic
majority of aquatic animals
excrete ammonia through gills after breaking down a.a
ureotelic
terrestrial animals
excrete urea from liver
uricotelic
avian. reptiles
excrete uric acid
osmoconformers
osmolarity adjusts to surroundings
hyperosmotic regulator
osmolarity greater than surroundings
water constantly going into soft parts exposed
hypoosmotic regulator
osmolarity less than surrounding
water constantly going out, excrete Na/Cl in glls
specific gravity
density of volume of fluid in relation to density of water
afferent arteriole
vascular smooth muscle
variable resistor to blood flow, dilates or constricts
take toward the glomerulus
efferent arteriole
vascular smooth muscle
variable resistor to blood flow, dilates or constricts
take away from glomerulus
JGA
next to glomerular apparatus
associated with afferent arteriole
helps to control vascular resistance
mesangial
between JGA and efferent arteriole
macula densa
above all the “action”
autoregulation
kidneys own ability to control variable resistors in the arterioles
kidney can sense changes in pressure and flow
hypovolemia
low blood volume, caused by hemorrhage
drop in blood pressure (Pcap), lower glomeular fltration
baroreceptors
pressure receptors, tonically active, sense distension of vessels
mechanically linked to Na+ channels
-rate Na+ influx directly related to action potential frequency
chemoreceptors
tonically active
sense chemicals, NaCl in kidney
Polyanionic
least permeable because glomerular capillary bed repels the negative charge due to also being negative
tonically active
respond to increase or decrease in action potential frequency
perfusion
amount of blood going to and through tissue
RAAS
renin-angiotensin aldosterone system
multiorgan activation
renin
protein, cleavage
meta trophic receptors
aldosterone
hormone
promotor receptor
angiotension
protein
meta trophic receptors
angiotensin 1
renin and angiotensin
ace
cleavage enzyme
meets / angiotensin I to make Angiotensin II
Angiotensin II
very powerful vasoconstrictor
increase vascular resistance and intraceullar Ca+
catacholamine
amino acid derivative stored in vesicles released by exocytosis
Effective circulating volume
adequate perfusion
make sure amount of bloodflow appropriate for metabolic needs
ADH
made in hypothalamus
secreted through posterior pituitary
secreted secondary to RAAS
activates vasopressin
vasopressin
increase effective circulating volume
accumulate thirst to replace lost fluid
factors that effect renal vascular resistance
mesangial cells
RAAS
SNS activation
endocrine and paracrine cntrol
VEGF
change capillary bed integrity
dysfunction due to endothelial cell structure
uniport
one ion moved by protein
cotransport/ symport
2+ ions moved by protein
antiport
1+ ion and a time by vectors are opposite
ammonia
more lipophilic because no charge
localize to nervous tissue= toxic in body
