GRAT 2

Question 1

vascular tone

Answer 1

how contracted SM is at any time
increase tone= increase constriction

Question 2

vavor receptor

Answer 2

located throughout body
detect stretch degree and directly related to sodium channels

Question 3

transcellular

Answer 3

goes from outside
needs help from transmembrane proteins
usually have transporters

Question 4

paracellular

Answer 4

in between adjacent cells
force driving movement is chemical gradient

Question 5

ascites

Answer 5

fluid, gas filled areas gone

Question 6

urticania

Answer 6

hives filled with serous fluid

Question 7

P cap

Answer 7

blood pressure, not same as arteriole bp
hydrostatic pressure within capillary

Question 8

what affects Pcap

Answer 8

Increase/ decrease bp
viscosity
loss of blood

Question 9

Pi Int

Answer 9

oncotic pressure, low number especially compared to Pcap

Question 10

What effects Pi Int

Answer 10

toxin
blunt force trauma
lysis

Question 11

lymph

Answer 11

by product of filtrate and contains intracellular debris etc

Question 12

dynamic compression

Answer 12

when organism can move limbs and b/c of movement can compress and displace fluid in one direction

Question 13

dead space ventilation

Answer 13

represents airflow without gas exchange
-blood does not get oxygenated, no CO2 exchange

Question 14

alveolar ventilation

Answer 14

amount of air that gets to alveoli per unit of time
important with no underlying disease for gas exchange

Question 15

rib cage recoil

Answer 15

in 2 directions, usually outward b/c low lung volume but can recoil inward if high lung volume

Question 16

lung recoil

Answer 16

inward only

Question 17

eupovea

Answer 17

normal quiet breating

Question 18

dyspovea

Answer 18

labored breathing

Question 19

tachypovia

Answer 19

hyperventilating

Question 20

anatomic deadspace

Answer 20

structures that allow movement of gas throughout respiratory trees

Question 21

surfactant

Answer 21

produced by alveoli type II cells
reduce surface tension, amphipathic

Question 22

atelectasis

Answer 22

alveolar collapse, lost stability

Question 23

pericytes

Answer 23

synthesize endothelium and basement membrane

Question 24

true capillaries

Answer 24

single layer endothelial
NO SMOOTH MUSCLE

Question 25

continuous capillary

Answer 25

found in muscle and adipose tissue
least permeable

Question 26

fenestrated capillary

Answer 26

found in endocrine glands, glomerulus
has windows called fenestrae with membrane to allow larger structures to exit

Question 27

discontinuous capillary

Answer 27

found in sinusoid
have large gaps and fenestration to allow movement, most permeable

Question 28

properties of hemoglobin

Answer 28

stored in RBC
tetrameric
cooperative O2 binding, which is reversible