Thrush- Vaccines

Question 1

does a vaccination just prevent a certain disease from affecting the body?

Answer 1

sometimes it will, but most likely an individual will be infected with a disease but due to prior vaccination, a secondary immune response will prevent the body from showing sympotoms

Question 2

if an individual experiences passive immunization, what happens?

Answer 2

inject preformed Abs from another species into an individual so there is an immediate response. the individuals immune system isn’t doing the work (no memory response) it is based on antidote of preformed Ab agents

Question 3

what is active immunization?

Answer 3

when the body develops a memory response to an infection after being vaccinated (Hepatitis shots)

Question 4

what are weakend infectious (disease is still alive when introduced) vaccines called?

Answer 4

attenuated (this is the best vaccine but it would kill immunosuppressed patients)

Question 5

what type of vaccines are more commonly used due to the inactivation?

Answer 5

inactivated and toxoid vaccines

Question 6

why would age play an important role during vaccination?

Answer 6

because in very young people (infants) maternal Abs can inhibit the response via a feedback mechanism.

Question 7

would severely immunosuppressed individuals be able to create a memory response to a vaccination.

Answer 7

no

Question 8

why are attenuated vaccines so effective?

Answer 8

they persist longer in the body and stimulate both CMI and humoral activity

Question 9

what type of vaccine is inactivated by chemicals or radiation? and what response would it create?

Answer 9

inactivated vaccines (need multiple boosters).
primarily a B cell response

Question 10

what are some features of bacterial capsular polysaccharides?

Answer 10

capsule is anti-phagocytic and Abs binding to capsule allows macrophage recognition

Question 11

how would you be able to get both a B and T cell response from a purified macromolecule?

Answer 11

by linking a polysaccharide to protein. this works by conjugating Ag to a protein carrier (hapten-carrier effect).

Question 12

what are the problems that DNA vaccines can lead too?

Answer 12

mutation (loss of antigenicity), effect of protein on muscle, and immunological tolerance (long term exposure to Ag can induce tolerance)