Thrush- Cell Mediated Effectors

Question 1

what is a Tdth cell?

Answer 1

Delayed type hypersensitivity: produces cytokines to stimulate inflammation response (Th1 cell)

Question 2

what kind of functions do Tregs serve?

Answer 2

regulatory/suppressive T cells

Question 3

what is a Tc cell?

Answer 3

(cytotoxic) cells produce cytokines that kill target cells

Question 4

what type of CD8+ T cell plays a role in suppressing the immune response?

Answer 4

Ts cells

Question 5

why do T cells require adhesion molecules?

Answer 5

so that it can properly bind its antigen and stick around long enough to activate a response

Question 6

what is CD45RO? what is CD45RA?

Answer 6

CD40RO: activated cell and a memory cell
CD45RA: naive T cells that doesnt interact with TCR/co-receptors as well

Question 7

what requires CD28-B7 for activation?

Answer 7

naive T cells (CD45RA)

Question 8

what do cytotoxic (CTL) cells work to eliminate?

Answer 8

virally infected cells, tumor cells and foreign graft tissue

Question 9

what 3 signals are needed for the CTL to become activated?

Answer 9

1. ) TCR (Ag/ MHC class 1 interaction)
2. ) CD28 (B7)
3. ) IL2R interaction with IL-2

Question 10

what are the 3 major cytotoxic mediators that the CTLs can release?

Answer 10

perforin, granzymes and FasL

Question 11

what enters cell thru pores and produce DNases within the cell to cause apoptosis?

Answer 11

granzymes

Question 12

what can bind to Fas on target cell to lead to apoptosis?

Answer 12

TNF-alpha

Question 13

is FasL on the CTL or the target cell? and what does it do?

Answer 13

on the CTL.

it triggers the cascade that leads to apoptosis

Question 14

what does perforin do?

Answer 14

leads to formation of pores

Question 15

CTL and NK cells are similar but how are they different? and which usually acts first?

Answer 15

NK is not antigen specific.

NK cells active before CTLs

Question 16

what can NK cells recognize?

Answer 16

altered self-cells (virally-infected cells and tumor cells)

Question 17

what kind of receptors does NK cells recognize?

Answer 17

activation receptors (cytokine binding and surface receptors)
inhibition receptors (depends which receptor is recognized)

Question 18

what is a NKT cell?

Answer 18

hybrid of T and NK cell that has TCRs but it is invariant. it lacks memory cell formation

Question 19

antibody dependent cytotoxic cells (ADCC) require Abs. what region is usually bound? and what is released to cause death?

Answer 19

FcR binding

granules are released to kill the cell