Thrush- Cytokines and T cells

Question 1

do cytokines generally act locally?

Answer 1

yes (paracrine and autocrine)

Question 2

what are cytokines produced by monocytes/macrophages?

Answer 2

monokines

Question 3

what are interleukins?

Answer 3

cytokines produced by WBCs and act on WBCs

Question 4

are lymphokines low molecular weight molecules important in the inflammatory response and play a role in chemotaxis?

Answer 4

no… chemokines are

Question 5

what term describes when a cytokine has different biological effects on different target cells?

Answer 5

pleiotrophic

Question 6

what induces class switch to IgE?

Answer 6

synergy of IL-4 and IL-5

Question 7

what blocks a class switch to IgE that is induced by IL-4?

Answer 7

the anagonist IFN-gamma

Question 8

what are the important Th1 cells?

Answer 8

IL-2,IFN-gamma and TNF-beta

Question 9

what are the important Th2 (humoral) cells?

Answer 9

IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10

Question 10

IL-12 (antigen presenting cell from macrophage) has what effect on Th0?

Answer 10

drives production of Th1

Question 11

what allows Th0 to make Th2?

Answer 11

in the presence of IL-2 and IL-4

Question 12

what inhibits the macrophage from producing IL-12 and in turn also inhibit Th1?

Answer 12

IL-10

Question 13

what inhibits the overall production of Th2?

Answer 13

IFN-gamma

Question 14

what is tuberculoid?

Answer 14

Type of leprosy caused by Th1 response that leads to damage of skin/nervous tissue and the patient usually survives

Question 15

what is lepermatous?

Answer 15

Type of leprosy that is caused by a Th2 response (Ab) and is usually associated with fatal outcome

Question 16

What makes up a cytokine receptor?

Answer 16

they have at least two chains.

1) cytokine binding polypeptide
2) signal transducing unit

Question 17

in IL-2 receptor family why is it bad if there is a mutation in the gamma chain?

Answer 17

bad, because the gamma is constituively active and without it you will not have T or B cells

Question 18

what genetic disease leads to defect in the gamma chain?

Answer 18

X-linked SCID

Question 19

how does LPS lead to septic shock?

Answer 19

causes high levels of cytokine release, especially IL-1 and TNF-alpha (from macrophage); which leads to systemic inflammation

Question 20

what leads to toxic shock diseases?

Answer 20

superantigens (5-25% of host T cells may be activated). premature activation of T cells will lead to better survival rates of a microbe since host T cells only live a few days

Question 21

What cytokine can you block to prevent transplant rejection?

Answer 21

IL-2 - will hinder activation of Th1 and weaken the immune response

Question 22

what cytokine is overproduced in lymphoic and myeloid cancers?

Answer 22

overproduction of IL-2