Thrush- Cytokines and T cells Flashcards
do cytokines generally act locally?
yes (paracrine and autocrine)
what are cytokines produced by monocytes/macrophages?
monokines
what are interleukins?
cytokines produced by WBCs and act on WBCs
are lymphokines low molecular weight molecules important in the inflammatory response and play a role in chemotaxis?
no… chemokines are
what term describes when a cytokine has different biological effects on different target cells?
pleiotrophic
what induces class switch to IgE?
synergy of IL-4 and IL-5
what blocks a class switch to IgE that is induced by IL-4?
the anagonist IFN-gamma
what are the important Th1 cells?
IL-2,IFN-gamma and TNF-beta
what are the important Th2 (humoral) cells?
IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10
IL-12 (antigen presenting cell from macrophage) has what effect on Th0?
drives production of Th1
what allows Th0 to make Th2?
in the presence of IL-2 and IL-4
what inhibits the macrophage from producing IL-12 and in turn also inhibit Th1?
IL-10
what inhibits the overall production of Th2?
IFN-gamma
what is tuberculoid?
Type of leprosy caused by Th1 response that leads to damage of skin/nervous tissue and the patient usually survives
what is lepermatous?
Type of leprosy that is caused by a Th2 response (Ab) and is usually associated with fatal outcome
What makes up a cytokine receptor?
they have at least two chains.
1) cytokine binding polypeptide
2) signal transducing unit
in IL-2 receptor family why is it bad if there is a mutation in the gamma chain?
bad, because the gamma is constituively active and without it you will not have T or B cells
what genetic disease leads to defect in the gamma chain?
X-linked SCID
how does LPS lead to septic shock?
causes high levels of cytokine release, especially IL-1 and TNF-alpha (from macrophage); which leads to systemic inflammation
what leads to toxic shock diseases?
superantigens (5-25% of host T cells may be activated). premature activation of T cells will lead to better survival rates of a microbe since host T cells only live a few days
What cytokine can you block to prevent transplant rejection?
IL-2 - will hinder activation of Th1 and weaken the immune response
what cytokine is overproduced in lymphoic and myeloid cancers?
overproduction of IL-2
