Thrombosis

Question 1

Functions of normal hemostasis

Answer 1

To maintain blood in a fluid, clot-free state under normal conditions
To induce rapid and localized hemostatic plug formation during vascular injury

Question 2

Hemostasis and Thrombosis regulated by

Answer 2

Vascular wall
Platelet
Coagulation cascade

Question 3

Steps of hemostasis

Answer 3

Vasoconstriction
Plug formation
Coagulation
Fibrous formation

Question 4

Vasoconstriction can be brought about by

Answer 4

Endothelin
Myogenic spasm
Noci receptor reflex

Question 5

inhibits platelets from adhering to uninjured endothelium

Answer 5

NO

Prostacyclin(PGI2)

Question 6

GP2b/3a deficiency

Answer 6

Glanzmann thombasthenia

Question 7

GP1b deficiency

Answer 7

Bernard souiler syndrome

Question 8

Upon contact with the ECM, platelets undergo three reactions

Answer 8

Activation involving adhesion and shape change
Secretion
Aggregation

Question 9

Endothelial dysfunction can be due to

Answer 9

hypertension
turbulent blood flow
bacterial endotoxins
radiation injury
hypercholesterolemia

Question 10

Turbulence

Answer 10

Ulcerated artherosclerosis plaque

Question 11

Stasis

Answer 11

Aneurysm
MI
Mitral valve stenosis
Hyperviscosity(polycythemia Vera-blood cancer)
Sickle cell anemia

Question 12

Leiden mutation

Answer 12

Factor 5
Glutamate to Arginine
506

Question 13

Rare genetic hypercoagulatable state

Answer 13

Antithrombin 3 deficiency
Protein C deficiency
Protein S deficiency

Question 14

Secondary hypercoagulable state(high risk)

Answer 14

Bed rest/immobilization 
MI
Atrial fibrillation
Tissue injury
Cancer
Prosthetic cardiac valves
DIC(dissemination intravascular coagulation)

Question 15

Arterial or cardiac thrombi usually begin at

Answer 15

sites of turbulence or endothelial injury.

Question 16

Venous thrombi characteristically occur at

Answer 16

sites of stasis.

Question 17

Estrogen in thrombosis

Answer 17

estrogen increases plasma concentrations of these clotting factors by increasing gene transcription

Question 18

Lower risk hypercoagulable states(2°)

Answer 18

Hyperestrogenic states (pregnancy and postpartum)
Oral contraceptive use 
Cardiomyopathy 
Nephrotic syndrome 
Sickle cell anemia 
Smoking
Obesity

Question 19

pale platelet and fibrin layers alternating with darker red cell–rich layers

Answer 19

Lines of Zahn

Question 20

Components of thrombus

Answer 20

Fibrin, platelets, red blood cells

Question 21

is a major cause of arterial thromboses

Answer 21

Arteriosclerosis

Question 22

Anticoagulant

Answer 22

Coumadin

Question 23

Factors That Limit Coagulation

Answer 23

Dilution

Require negative surface

Question 24

Types of thrombus

Answer 24

Mural
Vegetative
Arterial
Venous

Question 25

Fate of thrombus

Answer 25

Propagation 
Embolization
Resolution
Organization 
Recanalization
Infection due to enzymes secreted by leukocytes, in the thrombus, being seeded on by microorganisms -> mycotic aneurysms and septic embolism

Question 26

Arterial thrombus outcome

Answer 26

Propagation

Embolization

Question 27

Venous thrombus consequence

Answer 27

Embolization

Question 28

Pulmonary embolism outcome depends on

Answer 28

Cardiopulmonary status

Size

Question 29

Outcome of pulmonary embolism

Answer 29

Asymptomatic
Death, heart failure
Pulmonary Hemorrhage 
Pulmonary Infarction 
Pulmonary hypertension and Rt. ventricular failure