Cell Injury, Adaptation and Death

Question 1

The severity of injury depends on

Answer 1

the type of injury
severity
the type of cell affected
the duration

Question 2

Low oxygen level leads to

Answer 2

Decreased oxygen impairs oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in decreased ATP production
Lack of ATP (essential energy source) leads to cellular injury

Question 3

Causes of hypoxia

Answer 3

ischemia, hypoxemia, and decreased oxygen carrying capacity

Question 4

Causes of ATP epletion

Answer 4

Low oxygen supply
Low blood supply
Nutrition deficiency
Toxcins(eg. CO poisoning)
Mitochondrial damage

Question 5

Apoptosis pathway

Answer 5

Mitochondrial

Death receptor

Question 6

Mitochondrial pathway

Answer 6

BCL-2, BCL-xl, BH3, BAX, BAK
Cytochrome c
leakage of pro apoptotic proteins from mitochondria
Caspase-9

Question 7

Death receptor pathway

Answer 7

FAS and TNF receptors
FAS ligand in cytotoxic lymphocytes
Self reactive lymphocytes and target cells
Caspase-8

Question 8

Caspase

Answer 8

Cysteine proteins involved in cellular breakdown