Intro

Question 1

Scope of pathology

Answer 1

The cause of the disease
The mechanism of the disease
The effect of the disease on other organs

Question 2

Subdivisions

Answer 2

Histopathology
Cytopathology
Haematology

Question 3

Histopathology

Answer 3

Investigation and diagnosis of a disease from examination of tissues

Question 4

Forensic pathology

Answer 4

Cause and sequence of death under suspicious circumstances

Question 5

Surgical

Answer 5

Examination of biopsy taken surgically from a body

Question 6

Cytopathology

Answer 6

Examination of isolated cell due to shedding into body fluid

Question 7

Haematology

Answer 7

Disease of the blood(cellular and coagulative components)

Question 8

Chemical pathology

Answer 8

the study & diagnosis of disease from the chemical changes in tissues & fluids

Question 9

Properties of an Ideal Fixative

Answer 9

Prevents autolysis and bacterial decomposition
Preserves tissue in their natural state and fix all components
Preserves tissue volume
Avoid excessive hardness of tissue
Allows enhanced staining of tissue
Should be non-toxic and non-allergic for user

Question 10

Tissue fixative

Answer 10

Formaldehyde
Gluteraldehyde
Zenker’s formal saline
Bowen’s fluid

Question 11

Cytological fixative

Answer 11

Ethanol
Methanol
Ether

Question 12

Histochemical fixative

Answer 12

Formal saline
Cold acetone
Absolute alcohol

Question 13

The duration for which tissues are kept in each strength of alcohol depends upon

Answer 13

the size of tissue
fixative used
type of tissue

Question 14

Clearing reagents

Answer 14

Xylene 
Chloroform 
Benzene
Carbon tetrachloride 
Toluene

Question 15

Types of Wax employed for Impregnation

Answer 15

Paraffin wax

Water soluble wax

Question 16

Toxicology

Answer 16

the study of the effects of known

or suspected poisons

Question 17

Techniques of pathology

Answer 17

Light microscopy
Histochemistry
Immunohistochemistry
Electron microscopy
Biochemical 
Haematology
Molecular

Question 18

Biopsies

Answer 18

samples of tissue removed from a patient for diagnostic purposes.

Question 19

the whole or part of an organ removed for a previously diagnosed condition.

Answer 19

Resections specimens

Question 20

Types of biopsy

Answer 20

Incision, Endoscopy, Needle

Question 21

Cytology

Answer 21

involves the examination and interpretation of dispersed cells rather than solid tissues,usually for the diagnosis of cancer & pre-cancerous lesions

Question 22

Exfoliative cytology:

Answer 22

cells shed from, or scraped or brushed off ,an epithelial surface

Question 23

Fluid cytology

Answer 23

cells withdrawn with the fluid in which they are suspended

Question 24

Washings

Answer 24

cells flushed out of an organ using an irrigating fluid

Question 25

Fine –needle aspiration cytology

Answer 25

cells sucked out of a solid tissue using a thin needle attached to a syringe.

Question 26

Autopsies are used for

Answer 26

-determining the cause of death
-audit of the accuracy of clinical diagnosis
-education of undergraduates &
postgraduates.