Intro Flashcards
Scope of pathology
The cause of the disease
The mechanism of the disease
The effect of the disease on other organs
Subdivisions
Histopathology
Cytopathology
Haematology
Histopathology
Investigation and diagnosis of a disease from examination of tissues
Forensic pathology
Cause and sequence of death under suspicious circumstances
Surgical
Examination of biopsy taken surgically from a body
Cytopathology
Examination of isolated cell due to shedding into body fluid
Haematology
Disease of the blood(cellular and coagulative components)
Chemical pathology
the study & diagnosis of disease from the chemical changes in tissues & fluids
Properties of an Ideal Fixative
Prevents autolysis and bacterial decomposition
Preserves tissue in their natural state and fix all components
Preserves tissue volume
Avoid excessive hardness of tissue
Allows enhanced staining of tissue
Should be non-toxic and non-allergic for user
Tissue fixative
Formaldehyde
Gluteraldehyde
Zenker’s formal saline
Bowen’s fluid
Cytological fixative
Ethanol
Methanol
Ether
Histochemical fixative
Formal saline
Cold acetone
Absolute alcohol
The duration for which tissues are kept in each strength of alcohol depends upon
the size of tissue
fixative used
type of tissue
Clearing reagents
Xylene Chloroform Benzene Carbon tetrachloride Toluene
Types of Wax employed for Impregnation
Paraffin wax
Water soluble wax
Toxicology
the study of the effects of known
or suspected poisons
Techniques of pathology
Light microscopy Histochemistry Immunohistochemistry Electron microscopy Biochemical Haematology Molecular
Biopsies
samples of tissue removed from a patient for diagnostic purposes.
the whole or part of an organ removed for a previously diagnosed condition.
Resections specimens
Types of biopsy
Incision, Endoscopy, Needle
Cytology
involves the examination and interpretation of dispersed cells rather than solid tissues,usually for the diagnosis of cancer & pre-cancerous lesions
Exfoliative cytology:
cells shed from, or scraped or brushed off ,an epithelial surface
Fluid cytology
cells withdrawn with the fluid in which they are suspended
Washings
cells flushed out of an organ using an irrigating fluid
