Edema

Question 1

Two types of mechanism control movement of capillary fluid

Answer 1

Out ward force • hydrostatic pressure, colloid osmotic pressure in tissue space
In ward force • Colloid osmotic pressure in the capillary

Question 2

Hydrostatic pressure reflects

Answer 2

Arterial pressure
Venous pressure
Hydrostatic effect of gravity

Question 3

Anasarca

Answer 3

severe & generalized edema with widespread subcutaneous tissue swelling

Question 4

Edema in peritoneal cavity

Answer 4

Ascites

Question 5

Pathophysiologic causes of edema

Answer 5

Inflammatory

Non inflammatory

Question 6

Inflammation edema

Answer 6

Caused by increase in permeability

Question 7

Non inflammation edema

Answer 7

Increased hydrostatic pressure
Decreased osmotic pressure
Lymphatic obstruction
Sodium retention

Question 8

Increased Hydrostatic Pressure Causes

Answer 8

impaired venous return. E.g. DVT

• Generalized increases in venous pressure. E.g. CHF
• subcutaneous edema

Question 9

Reduced oncotic pressure cause

Answer 9

Low albumin

*loose CT

Question 10

Low albumin due to

Answer 10

Liver disease
Kidney disease
Malnutrition
GI malabsorption

Question 11

Lymphatic obstruction cause

Answer 11

Inflammation with fibrosis
invasive malignant tumors
post surgical
radiation damage
infectious agents like heavy metals

Question 12

Cerebral edema cause

Answer 12

Trauma
infarction
hypoxia
abscess
neoplasms

Question 13

Characteristics of cerebral edema

Answer 13

widened gyri with a flattened surface

sulci are narrowed

Question 14

Hyperemia

Answer 14

Active, arteriolar dilation leads to increased blood flow

Question 15

Congestion

Answer 15

Passive, from reduced outflow of blood from a tissue

Question 16

Abnormal internal or external loss of blood

Answer 16

Hemorrhage

Question 17

Petechiae

Answer 17

1- to 2-mm hemorrhages into skin, mucous membranes, or serosal surfaces
Increased intravascular pressure,
low platelet counts (thrombocytopenia),
defective platelet function (as in uremia)

Question 18

Purpura

Answer 18

≥3 mm hemorrhages
same disorders that cause petechiae
trauma
vasculitis
increased vascular fragility (e.g., in amyloidosis)

Question 19

Ecchymoses

Answer 19

1 to 2 cm subcutaneous hematomas
Hgb (red-blue color)
bilirubin (blue-green color)
hemosiderin (gold-brown color)

Question 20

Clinical significance of hemorrhage

Answer 20

Volume
Site
Rate of bleeding

Question 21

Podonconiosis

Answer 21

caused by prolonged exposure

causes bilateral asymmetrical swelling of the lower legs