Throat Stuff Flashcards
what is the cause of salivary stone
crystallising of saliva into calcium stones (usually form in submandibular ducts)
presentation of salivary stones
swelling and pain during periods of increased saliva production
dull pain over affected gland (comes and goes)
swelling of gland
infection of gland - v painful, abscess forms
intense pain while eating, decreasing swelling after meals
what causes the pain associated with salivary stones
blockage of the salivary duct by calcium stone
risk factors/causes for salivary stones
dehydration
antihistamines
anorexia (infrequent eating)
how do you diagnose salivary stones
oral exam
x-ray/CT
sialography - injection of dye before x-ray
sialendoscoy - scope of duct, also removes stones
treatment for salivary stones
sailendecnoscopy
if v large - shock wave treatment
what is the most common benign tumour of the parotid gland
Pleomorphic adenoma
What is the second most common BENIGN tumour in the parotid gland
Warthin’s tumour
what is the most common malignant parotid gland tumour
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
what is an adenoid cystic carcinoma
Malignant cancer in parotid causing perineurial invasion and associated pain/loss of function
5 year survival - 35%
how do you classify mucoepidermoid carcinomas
classified into high or low risk depending on how much necrosis
who gets warthrin’s tumour
males >50 who smoke
who gets pleomorphic adenoma
females in 4th to 6th decade
long history of parotid problems
often recurrence
can then become malignant
what is the most common cause of tonsillitis
viral infection
what is the most common bacterial cause of tonsillitis
Group A strep pyrogenes
how do you differentiate between viral and bacterial tonsillitis
CENTOR criteria
what do you get points for on the CENTOR criteria
- tonsilar exudate
- tendor lymph nodes
- history of fever
- absence of cough
treatment for tonsillitis
viral:
- supportive
- eat, drink, rest, paracetamol
Bacterial:
-penicillin
what is the criteria for a tonsillectomy
7 in one year
or 5 or more in the last 2 years
3 in each of the preceding 3 years
what are some complications of tonsillitis
Rheumatic fever
-3 weeks after sore throat
Glomerulonephritis
-1-3 weals after
Quinsy
-tonisilitis gets better then unilateral pain - needs aspiration and antibiotics
what causes scarlet fever
group A strep exotoxins
how does scarlet fever present
scarlet rash - maculopapular flushed cheeks sore throat fever lymphadenopathy
scarlet fever treatment
penicillin
what cells does the EBV virus infect
B cells
- circulating B cells spread infection to liver, spleen and peripheral lymph nodes
