Anatomy of the Nasal Cavity

Question 1

what are the functions of the Nasal Cavity

Answer 1

A channel for air to be transported to the nasopharynx

filters air of particulate material

humidifies air

warms inspired air

sense of smell - as air passes the olfactory epithelium

Question 2

what are the parts of the external nose

Answer 2

root 
dorsum 
tip 
ala 
nostril 
septum 
philtrum

Question 3

what bones make up the nose

Answer 3

Frontal bone 
Nasal bone 
Vomer 
Maxilla 
Ethmoid bone 
Inferior nasal concha

Question 4

what are the 5 main parts of the ethmoid bone

Answer 4

Crista Galli 
Cribiform plate 
Perpendicular plate 
Superior concha 
Middle concha

Question 5

what are ethmoid air cells

Answer 5

open spaces (sinuses) in the ethmoid bone

Question 6

what are conchae

Answer 6

bumps of bone on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

Question 7

what do conchae do

Answer 7

They increase the surface area of the nasal cavity therefore increasing the amount of contact the air has with the walls to all warming and humidifying

also disrupts the fast, laminar flow of air making it slow and turbulent allowing it to be warms an humidified

Question 8

what are meatus

Answer 8

4 pathways created by the conchae for air to flow through

Question 9

what are the 4 meatus

Answer 9

sphenoethmoidal recess

superior meatus

middle meatus

inferior meatus

Question 10

what affects do le fort I and II fractures have on the nasal cavity

Answer 10

can damage the cribriform late leading to: loss of smell, spread of infection to orbit, disruption to paranasal sinuses

Question 11

what is the nasal vestibule and what mucosa is it lines with

Answer 11

most anterior part of the nasal cavity surrounding the opening

lined with stratified squamous epithelium

Question 12

what is the respiratory region of the nasal cavity

Answer 12

middle region lined with respiratory epithelium with mucous secreting goblet cells

Question 13

what is the olfactory epithelium

Answer 13

upper part of the nasal cavity around the cribriform plate lined with olfactory epithelium (olfactory cells with olfactory receptors)

Question 14

Stages of the olfactory pathway

Answer 14

1. olfactory receptors in the olfactory epithelium
2. pass through the cribriform plate
3. synapse at olfactory bulb
4. neurons pass through olfactory tract
5. pass to the temporal lobe and olfactory areas

Question 15

what 2 nerves give sensory innervation to the nasal cavity

Answer 15

Nasopalantine (Branch of CNV2)

Anterior ethmoidal nerve (Branch of CNV1)

Question 16

why does the nasal cavity have such a rich blood supply

Answer 16

to allow effective warming and humidifying of air

Question 17

what is the area where anastomosis occurs between all the arterial contributions to the nasal cavity

Answer 17

Kiesselbach’s area

Question 18

where is the source of blood in the nasal cavity

Answer 18

both internal and external carotids

Question 19

what branches of the internal carotid go to the nasal cavity

Answer 19

anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries

Question 20

what branches of the external carotid go to the nasal cavity

Answer 20

sphenopalantine
greater palatine
superior labial artery
lateral nasal artery

Question 21

where does the blood come from in nose bleeds

Answer 21

kiesselbach’s area

Question 22

what are the 4 paranasal sinuses

Answer 22

frontal
ethmoidal air cells
maxillary
sphenoid

Question 23

where does the sphenoid sinus drain

Answer 23

sphenoethmoidal recess

Question 24

where does the posterior ethmoidal air cells drain

Answer 24

superior meatus

Question 25

what sinuses drain into the semilunar hiatus

Answer 25

frontal
maxillary
anterior ethmoidal air cells

Question 26

what sinus drains into the ethmoidal bulla

Answer 26

middle ethmoidal air cells

Question 27

what drains into the inferior meatus

Answer 27

the nasolacrimal duct

Question 28

what is sinusitis

Answer 28

inflammation of the mucosa in 1 or more of the paranasal sinuses

Question 29

what do the cilia of the respiratory mucosa in the sinuses do

Answer 29

wafts mucous towards the Ostia

Question 30

what happens when pressure builds in the ethmoid bone

Answer 30

can break the medial wall of the orbit and spread infection to the eye

Question 31

why is the maxillary sinus specifically prone to infection

Answer 31

the Ostia is located superior to the cavity so the cilia have to work against gravity to get mucous out

Question 32

what can sinus pain be referred as

Answer 32

tooth pain

Question 33

when can a tooth infection lead to a sinus infection

Answer 33

if the root of the tooth pierces the maxillary sinus

if there is improper closure of oro-antral fistula (tooth removal)