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2 ENT > Anatomy of the Ear > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Ear Flashcards

1
Q

3 anatomical division of the ear

A

external ear
middle ear
inner ear

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2
Q

functional divisions of the ear

A

hearing (auditory system)

balance (vestibular system)

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3
Q

in what bone are the organs of hearing and balance

A

temporal bone

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4
Q

what are 5 key features of the temporal bone

A 
external acoustic meatus 
mastoid process 
styloid process 
zygomatic process 
petrous part
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5
Q

what is the pterion

A

H shaped structure where:

Frontal
parietal
temporal
sphenoid

bones all meet - this is the thinnest part of the skull

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6
Q

where do the facial and vestibulochoclear nerves (CNVII and CNVIII) leave the base of the skull

A

the internal acoustic meatus

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7
Q

what does the CNVII (facial) nerve supply

A 
motor innervation to the face 
motor innervation to stapedius 
taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue 
secretomotor to salivary glands and lacrimal glands 
general sensation to external ear
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8
Q

what does CNVIII (vestibulocochlear) sappy

A

hearing

balance

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9
Q

what artery goes through the internal acoustic meatus

A

the labyrinth artery

- this is a branch of the inferior cerebellar artery from the circle of willis

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10
Q

where does the external ear extend to/from

A

from the auricle to the tympanic membrane

via the external acoustic meatus

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11
Q

function of the external ear

A

converts sound waves to the tympanic membrane

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12
Q

what are the 5 main features of the auricle

A 
helix 
anti-helix 
concha 
tragus 
anti-tragus
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13
Q

how does the auricle get nutrients

A

it is avascular and gets nutrients from skin

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14
Q

what lymph nodes drain lymph from the auricle

A

parotid lymph nodes
mastoid lymph nodes
superficial cervical nodes

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15
Q

where does the external acoustic meatus extend to/from

A

to the tympanic membrane from the concha

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16
Q

what is the external acoustic meatus made up of

A

1/3 cartilage

2/3 temporal bone

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17
Q

where does the tympanic membrane lie

A

at the distal end of the external auricular meatus

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18
Q

what is the tympanic membrane maid of

A

connective tissue - covered with skin on the outside and a mucous membrane on the inside

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19
Q

what connects the tympanic membrane to the temporal bone

A

fibrocartilaginous ring

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20
Q

what makes it possible to view the middle ear during otoscopy

A

the translucent nature of the tympanic membrane

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21
Q

where does the handle of malleus attach

A

the internal wall of the tympanic membrane

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22
Q

what nerve supplies the external surface of the tympanic membrane

A

CNV3 - auriculotemporal arch

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23
Q

what nerve supplies the internal surface of the tympanic membrane

A

CNIX glossopharyngeal

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24
Q

why do you pull the ear back and down when doing an otoscopic examination

A

to straighten out the EAM which is usually in an S she

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25
what bone does the middle ear lie inside
temporal
26
what is the function of the middle ear
transmits vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear via the auditory ossicles
27
what are the 3 auditory ossicles
Malleus Incus Stapes
28
where does the malleus join
handle attaches to the internal wall of the tympanic membrane head lies in the epitympanic recess where it articulates with the incus
29
Where does the incus join
body articulates with the malleus short limb attaches to posterior wall long limb joins to the stapes
30
where does the scapes join
joins the incus to the oval window
31
what type of joints join the ossicles
synovial joints
32
what 2 muscles are in the middle ear
stapedius | tensor tympani
33
what 2 nerves are found in the middle ear
branches of the facial and glossopharyngeal
34
What forms the roof of the temporal cavity and what does it separate
the temporal bone separates the middle ear from the cranial fossa
35
what forms the medial wall and what features does it have
forms by the lateral wall of the inner ear contains a bulge where the facial nerve goes by has a promontory (bony swelling formed by the cochlea)
36
What does the floor of the cavity separate
the middle ear and internal jugular vein
37
what makes up the lateral wall of the tympanic cavity
internal aspect of the tympanic membrane
38
what does the posterior wall of the cavity separate and what features does it have
separates the tympanic cavity and the mastoid air cells there is a whole allowing the two areas to communicate (mastoid antrum)
39
what openings does the anterior wall of the tympanic cavity have
opening for the Eustachian tube opening fo the tensor tympani muscle (separates middle ear from internal carotid)
40
where does the Eustachian tube connect
connects the anterior wall of the middle ear cavity to the nasopharynx
41
how can ear pain and throat pain be linked
bacteria/viruses can spread via the Eustachian tube from the pharynx/tonsils to the ear they have a common sensory nerve supply (glossopharyngeal) so can get referred pain
42
where does the facial nerve exit the skull
internal acoustic meatus
43
how does the facial nerve get from the internal acoustic meatus into the middle ear
via the facial canal of the petrous temporal bone into the STYLOMASTOID FORAMEN into the floor of the cavity
44
where do the muscles of facial expression originate/insert
originate on bone but insert into the superficial fascia
45
what are the 4 muscles of facial expression
frontal orbiculares oculi elevator of lips orbiculares oris
46
how can you clinically test the actions of the muscles of facial expression and the facial nerve
ask the patient to: - frown - close eyes tightly - smile - maintain puffed out cheeks
47
function of the inner ear
converts special sensory information detects motion and position
48
where does the inner ear start/end
starts at oval window ends at internal acoustic meatus
49
what innervated the inner ear
vestibulocochlear nerve split into the vestibular and cochlear branches
50
what is the otic capsule made up of
bony labyrinth filled with perilymph | forms the cochlear and semi-circular canals
51
what does the cochlea contain
the cochlear duct of the membranous labyrinth (the auditory part of the inner ear)
52
what is the cochlear duct filled with
endolymph
53
what nerve conducts action potentials from the cochlear
the cochlear nerve
54
what do the semi-circular canals contain and what are they responsible for
the semi-circular ducts responsible for balance
55
what are the semi-circular ducts filled with
endolymph
56
what nerve conducts action potentials from the semi-circular ducts
the vestibular nerve
57
what causes hair cells to move in the middle ear
the movement of lymph
58
what movement do the semi-circular ducts detect
angular movement
59
what are the 5 parts of the otic capsule
``` semi-circular canals urtricle sacule cochlea endolymphatic duct ```
60
what type of movement does the utricle detect
horizontal
61
what type of movement does the saccule detect
vertical
62
how is sound transmitted from the cochlear
1. sound waves cause the tympanic membrane to vibrate 2. the vibrations are transmitted through the ossicles 3. this causes vibration in the oval window 4. this created pressure in the perilymph 5. hair cells in the cochlea are moved and action potentials are created and conveyed to brain via cochlear nerve 6. pressure waves descent and become vibrations again 7. vibrations are dampened at the round window
63
what cells detect auditory stimuli
receptor cells in the organ of Corti (on the basilar membrane of the cochlear duct)
64
what is the cochlear duct suspended by in the canal
spiral ligaments
65
what are 2 two sections created by the spiral ligaments in the cochlear canal
Scala vestibule Scala tympani

2 ENT (15 decks)

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