Ear disease Flashcards
what are the 3 types of hearing loss
conductive
sensorineural
mixed
what are some common symptoms of ear disease
hearing loss tinnitus vertigo otalgia discharge facial weakness previous ear surgery nasal symptoms family history
what are some causes of facial weakness
facial nerve palsy (can have some movement)
signs of ear disease
abnormalities of the ear canal
discharge
swelling
bleeding
masses
external scares
changes in ear drum
swelling over mastoid
facial weakness
hearing loss
what is otitis externa
inflammation of the skin of the external ear canal
causes of otitis external
infection
bacterial or fungal
common causes include:
- water
- cotton buds
- skin conditions
what is acute otitis media
inflammation of the middle ear usually due to infection
who is most likely to get acute otitis media
children 1-3
causes of otitis media
colds
systemically unwell
associated with URTI
what does a tympanic membrane look like with otitis media
no light reflex
red and angry
if the drum is burst the patient probs feels better
what 3 conditions are caused by chronic otitis media
otitis media with effusion
cholesteatomas
perforation
what is chronic otitis media with effusion
‘glue ear’
common in children
Eustachian tube dysfunction or obstruction leads to a build up of fluid behind the TM
what causes otitis media with effusion in adults
rhinosinusitis
nasopharyngeal carcinoma
nasopharyngeal lymphoma
signs of glue ear
chronic hearing loss with flat tympanogram
yellowy fluid being ear drum
treatment for glue ear >3 months
make a hole in the ear drum and drain out fluid
grommet
causes of perforation
acute otitis media or trauma
treatment for perforation of tympanic membrane
keep it clean- heals spontaneously
what is a cholesteatoma
dead skin and keratin building up in the middle ear - sucks in the ear drum and erodes the bones of the middle ear
signs of cholesteatoma
hearing loss
discharge
complications - infection spreads to Bain causing brain abscess - meningitis, mastoiditis, venous sinus thrombosis
treatment for cholesteatoma
needs surgical excision and reconstruction
what is otosclerosis
abnormal growth of the ossicles
what does otosclerosis cause
gradual onset conductive hearing loss - can then cause sensorineural as well if it affects the inner ear
when does otosclerosis progress most rapidly
during pregnancy
treatment for otosclerosis
fixation of the stapes foot plate
correction by stapedectomy
