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2 ENT > Ear disease > Flashcards

Ear disease Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 types of hearing loss

A

conductive
sensorineural
mixed

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2
Q

what are some common symptoms of ear disease

A 
hearing loss 
tinnitus 
vertigo 
otalgia
discharge 
facial weakness
previous ear surgery 
nasal symptoms 
family history
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3
Q

what are some causes of facial weakness

A

facial nerve palsy (can have some movement)

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4
Q

signs of ear disease

A

abnormalities of the ear canal

discharge

swelling

bleeding

masses

external scares

changes in ear drum

swelling over mastoid

facial weakness

hearing loss

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5
Q

what is otitis externa

A

inflammation of the skin of the external ear canal

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6
Q

causes of otitis external

A

infection

bacterial or fungal

common causes include:

  • water
  • cotton buds
  • skin conditions
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7
Q

what is acute otitis media

A

inflammation of the middle ear usually due to infection

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8
Q

who is most likely to get acute otitis media

A

children 1-3

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9
Q

causes of otitis media

A

colds

systemically unwell

associated with URTI

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10
Q

what does a tympanic membrane look like with otitis media

A

no light reflex
red and angry

if the drum is burst the patient probs feels better

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11
Q

what 3 conditions are caused by chronic otitis media

A

otitis media with effusion
cholesteatomas
perforation

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12
Q

what is chronic otitis media with effusion

A

‘glue ear’
common in children
Eustachian tube dysfunction or obstruction leads to a build up of fluid behind the TM

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13
Q

what causes otitis media with effusion in adults

A

rhinosinusitis
nasopharyngeal carcinoma
nasopharyngeal lymphoma

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14
Q

signs of glue ear

A

chronic hearing loss with flat tympanogram

yellowy fluid being ear drum

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15
Q

treatment for glue ear >3 months

A

make a hole in the ear drum and drain out fluid

grommet

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16
Q

causes of perforation

A

acute otitis media or trauma

17
Q

treatment for perforation of tympanic membrane

A

keep it clean- heals spontaneously

18
Q

what is a cholesteatoma

A

dead skin and keratin building up in the middle ear - sucks in the ear drum and erodes the bones of the middle ear

19
Q

signs of cholesteatoma

A

hearing loss
discharge
complications - infection spreads to Bain causing brain abscess - meningitis, mastoiditis, venous sinus thrombosis

20
Q

treatment for cholesteatoma

A

needs surgical excision and reconstruction

21
Q

what is otosclerosis

A

abnormal growth of the ossicles

22
Q

what does otosclerosis cause

A

gradual onset conductive hearing loss - can then cause sensorineural as well if it affects the inner ear

23
Q

when does otosclerosis progress most rapidly

A

during pregnancy

24
Q

treatment for otosclerosis

A

fixation of the stapes foot plate

correction by stapedectomy

25
Q

what is prebycusis

A

old age sensorineural hearing loss

26
Q

what is a sign of noise induced hearing loss

A

dip on audiogram at 4kHz

27
Q

what drugs can cause hearing loss

A

gentamicin
chemo drugs
aspirin and NSAIDS over dose (can cause tinnitus)

28
Q

what is a vestibular schwannoma

A

a benign tumour arising in the internal acoustic meatus (around the vestibular nerve)

29
Q

how does vestibular schwannoma present

A

hearing loss
tinnitus
imbalance (but bc it grows so slowly patients often adjust to balance loss of dont notice it)

30
Q

what size do vestibular schwannoma have to be to cause serious side effects

A

2.5-3 cm

31
Q

what type of hearing loss can be caused by trauma

A

all 3

direct trauma to the ear or head injury

32
Q

what does a bruise of the mastoid suggest

A

base of the skull fracture

Battle’s sign

33
Q

what symptoms can be caused by skull fractures

A

hearing loss
facial palsy
CSF leak

2 ENT (15 decks)

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