throat Flashcards
what are the 2 parts of the oral cavity?
Oral vestibule (between lips and teeth) Oral cavity proper
what are the boundaries of the oral cavity?
Lips to palatoglossal arch (anterior pillar)
Palate to floor of mouth/tongue
Buccal mucosa
what type of innervation does the lingual nerve supply?
general somatic afferent from the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue
where is the lingual nerve a branch from?
of mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
functions of the oral cavity
Taste
Mastication
Teeth, tongue
Speech
Tongue, cheek, lips
Digestion
Salivary enzymes
Swallowing
Tongue, hard and soft palate
how many taste buds does a human tongue have?
2000-8000
true or false:
filliform papillae contains taste buds
false
function of the tongue
Taste
Mastication
Swallowing
Speech
functions of the muscles of the tongue
intrinsic- alter shape
extrinsic- alter position
what is the nerve supply of the tongue?
CN XII: hypoglossal nerve supply all except for palatoglossus – pharyngeal plexus (CN IX - X)
what four muscles do you use for mastication
Lateral pterygoid
Medial pterygoid
Temporalis
Masseter
nerve supply for mastication
CN V3
boundaries of oropharynx
Lower border of soft palate to upper margin of epiglottis
Palatoglossal arch to posterior pharyngeal wall
Lateral: faucial pillars & palatine tonsils
what type of epithelium is oropharynx?
Stratified, non-keratinised squamous
what is the nerve supply of the oropharynx
Pharyngeal plexus- CN IX & X
boundaries of hypopharynx
Superior margin of epiglottis to lower border of cricoid cartilage
Continuous with oesophagus
Anterior wall: back of larynx
what are the 3 subsites of hypopharynx?
Pyriform sinus
Post-cricoid area
Posterior pharyngeal wall
how many phases of swallowing is there?
3
what is in the oral phase of swallowing?
Tongue propels food (bolus) into pharynx
Triggering swallowing reflex (afferent: CN V, IX, X – swallowing centre in medulla – efferent: CN VII, X, XII)
what occurs in the pharyngeal phase of swalloing
Soft palate pulled upwards
Epiglottis covers the larynx, vocal cord approximate, larynx moves upward
Upper oesophageal sphincter (UOS) relaxes
Respiration is reflex inhibited
what occurs in the oesophageal phase of swallowing
Once bolus passed UOS, the sphinter constricts
Bolus propelled downwards by peristaltic motion, reflex via myenteric plexus
function of the larynx?
Part of respiratory tract
Voice
Swallowing
what are the three parts of the larynx?
Supraglottis
Glottis
Subglottic
what are the 7 segments of cartilages
Cricoid cartilage Thyroid cartilage Epiglottis Paired arytenoid cartilages (corniculate, and cuneiform) Supraglottis Glottis Subglottis
motor innervation of the larynx
All intrinsic mucles supplied by recurrent laryngeal nerve except for cricothyroid muscle (external laryngeal nerve)
sensory innervation of the larynx
Supraglottic: internal laryngeal nerve
Glottic and subglottic: recurrent laryngeal nerve
definittion of respiration
Source of energy: air flow
Inhalation and exhalation
definition of phonation
Flow of air through different VC position, tension, vibration & length
definition of resonation
Oral/nasal speech balance
Depend on nasopharynx, nasal cavity & oral cavity
definition of articulation
Production of speech , determined by action of lips, tongue and jaw
definition of prosody
Production of syllable stress and emphasis
Provide effective speech tone
