ENT- pediatrics Flashcards
what could be the history of a child with hearing loss?
Ear symptoms
Pain
Discharge
Loss of function – hearing loss, dizziness, tinnitus
Speech development, school performance Behavioural problems Maternal perinatal infections Delivery issues (prematurity, anoxia) Neonatal infections, drugs, jaundice Growth, immunisations, passive smoking, breast vs bottle feeding
what are the assessments of a child with hearing loss?
tympanometry
otoacoustic emissions
auditory brain stem response
risk factors for otitis media with effusion in children
day care, smoking, cleft palate, down syndrome
how do you treat otitis media with effusions in children?
hearing aids or grommets
symptoms of otitis media with effusion in children
HEARING LOSS SPEECH DELAY BEHAVIOURAL PROBLEMS ACADEMIC DECLINE (IMBALANCE)
signs of otitis media with effusion in children
DULL TM
FLUID LEVEL
BUBBLES
aetiology of otitis media with effusion
EUSTACHIAN TUBE DYSFUNCTION
ANATOMY OF SKULL BASE
MUSCULAR IMMATURITY
ADENOIDAL HYPERTROPHY
RESOLVING A.O.M.
investigation choice of chronic otitis media
CT
symptoms and signs of rhinology
BLOCKED NOSE
RUNNY NOSE
SNEEZING
REDUCED SENSE OF SMELL
FACIAL PAIN
symptoms of blocked/runny nose
Pain
Discharge
Loss of function – blocked nose, sense of smell
what is epistaxis?
acute hemorrhage from the nostril, nasal cavity, or nasopharynx
whos more likely to get epistaxis?
females
management of epistaxis
Appropriate first aid!
Antibiotic ointments
NASEPTIN
BACTROBAN
Cautery
Silver Nitrate under LA
Diathermy under GA
Nasal packing
what could a child with airway issues have?
Large tongue Large tonsils Large/Floppy epiglottis Short neck Sub glottis narrowest
what could be the history of a child with airway issues have?
Usually as an Emergency (can be chronic) History of foreign body Recent illness Feeding problems Stridor
