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systems- head and neck - oc > otology > Flashcards

otology Flashcards

1
Q

what are the kind of symptoms someone with ear problems could present with?

A 
hearing loss
tinnitus
vertigo
otalgia
ottorrhoea
facial weakness
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2
Q

what instrument would you use examining the ear

A

otoscopy

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3
Q

in a rinne’s test, what would give a negative result?

A

bone conduction is greater than air conduction- this is a sign of conductive hearing loss

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4
Q

in a rinne’s test what would give positive results

A

air conduction is greater than bone production- this can either lead to normal ear or sensorineural hearing loss

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5
Q

management of auricular haematoma

A

incision and drainage
pressure dressing
antibiotics

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6
Q

complications of auricular haematoma

A

cauliflower ear

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7
Q

management of foreign body in ear

A

removal

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8
Q

definition of otitis externa

A

inflammation of external auditory meatus

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9
Q

management of otitis externa

A

antibiotic/steroid ear drops

+/- suction under microscope

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10
Q

prevention of otitis externa

A

no water or cotton buds

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11
Q

definiton of malignant otitis externa

A

osteomyelitis of temporal bone

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12
Q

presentation of malignant otitis externa

A

severe pain in elderly diabetic
granulations in external auditory meatus
+/- cranial nerve palsies

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13
Q

management of malignant otitis externa

A

antibiotics for weeks or months

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14
Q

definition of otitis media with effusion

A

sterile fluid in middle ear “glue ear”

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15
Q

presentation of otitis media with effusion

A

hearing loss

speech delay

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16
Q

management of otitis media with effusion

A

observation for 3 months
Otovent
grommet

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17
Q

definition of acute suppurative otitis media

A

pus in middle ear

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18
Q

presentation of acute suppurative otitis media

A

otalgia +/- otorrhoea

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19
Q

management of acute suppurative otitis media

A

observation

amoxicillin

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20
Q

definition of tympanosclerosis

A

calcification in tympanic membrane +/- middle ear

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21
Q

presentation of tympanosclerosis

A

asymptomatic

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22
Q

management of tympanosclerosis

A

none

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23
Q

pathology of chronic suppurative otitis media

A

perforated tympanic membrane

or

cholesteatoma
(skin in middle ear +/- mastoid bone)

24
Q

complications of chronic suppurative otitis media

A

“dead ear”
facial palsy
meningitis
brain abscess

25
Q

causes of perforation of tympanic membrane

A

infection
trauma
grommet

26
Q

perforation of tympanic membrane presentation

A

recurrent infections

hearing loss

27
Q

perforation of tympanic membrane management

A

water precautions

+/- myringoplasty

28
Q

causes of cholesteatoma

A

Eustachian tube dysfunction

impaired skin migration

29
Q

presentation of cholesteatoma

A

persistent offensive otorrohoea

30
Q

management of cholesteatoma

A

mastoidectomy

31
Q

presentation of otosclerosis

A

conductive hearing loss

normal tympanic membrane

32
Q

pathology of otosclerosis

A

fixation of stapes by extra bone

33
Q

management of otosclerosis

A

hearing aid
or
stapedectomy

34
Q

causes of sensineural hearing loss

A 
presbyacusis
noise exposure
head injury
ootoxic medication
viral infections
acoustic neuroma
35
Q

management of sensineural hearing loss

A

hearing aids

36
Q

definnition of tinnitus

A

any perception of sound

37
Q

investigation of tinnitus

A

unilateral

pulsatile

38
Q

management of tinnitus

A

treat underlying cause (if possible)
sound enrichment
stress management

39
Q

definition of vertigo

A

any perception of movement

40
Q

differential diagnosis of vertigo

A

benign positional vertigo
Ménières disease
vestibular neuritis / labyrinthitis
migraine

41
Q

pathology og benign positional vertigo

A

otoconia in semicircular canals

42
Q

clinical features of benign positional vertigo

A

vertigo precipitated by specific changes in head position
duration: seconds
no associated symptoms
nystagmus: positional and rotatory

43
Q

investigation of benign positional vertigo

A

Dix-Hallpike test

44
Q

management of benign positional vertigo

A

epley manoeuvre

45
Q

pathology of vestibular neuritis/ labrynthistis

A

reactivation of latent HSV infection of vestibular ganglion

46
Q

clinical features of Vestibular neuritis / labyrinthitis

A

spontaneous vertigo
associated unilateral hearing loss (labyrinthitis)
duration: days
nystagmus: horizontal, towards affected ear

47
Q

management of Vestibular neuritis / labyrinthitis

A

acute: vestibular sedatives
chronic: vestibular rehabilitation

48
Q

pathology of Ménière’s disease

A

endolymphatic hydrops

49
Q

clinical features of Ménière’s disease

A

spontaneous vertigo
associated unilateral hearing loss / tinnitus / aural fullness
duration: hours

50
Q

management of Ménière’s disease

A

bendroflumethazide
intratympanic dexamethasone
intratympanic gentamicin

51
Q

pathology of migraine

A

vascular ? neural

52
Q

clinical features of migraine

A 
spontaneous vertigo
duration: variable
± headache, sensory sensitivity
± precipitated by migraine triggers
± past history of migraine
53
Q

management of migraine

A

avoid migraine triggers

prophylactic medication

54
Q

clinical feature of facial nerve palsy

A

lower motor neuron facial palsy

forehead involved

55
Q

differential diagnosis of facial nerve palsy

A

intratemporal eg cholesteatoma
extratemporal eg parotid tumour
idiopathic = Bell’s palsy

56
Q

management of facial nerve palsy

A

treat underlying cause (if possible)
steroids
eye care

systems- head and neck - oc (12 decks)

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