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systems- head and neck - oc > Anatomy/Physiology - Nose/Sinus > Flashcards

Anatomy/Physiology - Nose/Sinus Flashcards

1
Q

what is the functin of the nasal airway?

A 
Warm and humidify inhaled air
-Turbinates + Septum
Laminar flow
-Mucosal lining
Humidification
Sinuses – reservoir of warm humid air

Important for neonates
Obligate nasal breathers
Choanal atresia

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2
Q

what is the function of the immune barrier?

A

Specialised nasal mucosal lining
-First 1/3 stratified squamous epithelium
Nasal hairs- trap large particulates
-Posterior 2/3 pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Cilia
(1000 BPM) mucus travel 2.5cm/min
Goblet cells- sticky mucus traps pathogens
Mucus- IgA, IgE (allergies), Lysozymes, alkaline
Gel (thick) and Sol (watery) layer

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3
Q

what nerve contributes to the smell

A

olfactory nerve

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4
Q

where in the nose does smell come through

A

cribriform plate

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5
Q

what is the sinus function

A 
Reservoir of warm humid air
Lighten skull
Crumple zones
Vocal resonance
Lined with same mucosa- Immune barrier
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6
Q

is the nose bone or cartilage?

A

1/3 bony and 2/3 cartilagenous

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7
Q

what are the external subunits of the external nasal anatomy

A

Columella

Tip + supratip

Dorsum

Nasion

Glabella
Glabella Tap
Chinese water torture

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8
Q

can bent cartilage go back to its normal position?

A

no cannot be easily unbent

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9
Q

what is the roof of the internal nasal anatomy called?

A

skullbase/cribriform plate

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10
Q

what are the walls of the internal nasal anatomy called?

A

turbinates

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11
Q

what is the floor of the internal nose called?

A

hard plates

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12
Q

what are some associated structures inside the nose called?

A

Paranasal sinuses
Orbits- Lamina papyracea
Eustacian tube
Adenoids

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13
Q

what is the bone and cartilage inside the septum called?

A

Septal cartilage
Vomer
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid

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14
Q

is the blood supply to the cartilage good? where does it come from?

A

poor supply

gets blood supply from mucose overlying it

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15
Q

what is septal haematoma?

A

Post trauma

Almost always bilateral

No blood supply to septum

Septum necroses

Leading to Perforation
Whistling
Bleeding

Needs to be drained ASAP

Perforations also caused by
Drugs
Digital trauma

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16
Q

what are turbinates?

A

bony scroll like projections from lateral wall of nose

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17
Q

what is the significance of turbinates being covered in erectile tissue?

A

day to day cycling

respond to temperature

18
Q

what do nasolacrimal duct drain?

A

drainage pathway of lacrimal secretions (tears)

19
Q

where does the nasolacrimal duct open?

A

under inferior turbinate

20
Q

how many sinuses are there?

A

2 frontal, 2 maxilary, sphenoid and ethmoid

21
Q

where is the frontal sinus?

A

behind eyebrows

22
Q

where does frontal sinus drain into?

A

frontal recess

23
Q

where does frontal sinus drain via?

A

middle meatus

24
Q

what is the fronat sinus lateral to?

A

middle turbinate

25
Q

where is the ethmoid sinuses?

A

honeycomb structure between eyes

26
Q

where would an ethmoid sinus infection spread to?

A

orbit

27
Q

what does the sphenoid sinus spread via?

A

Sphenoethmoidal recess

28
Q

where odes the optic nerve run in comparison to the sphenoid?

A

above it

29
Q

where does the pituaitry sit with respect to sphenoid sinus

A

posteriorly

30
Q

where is the maxillary sinus?

A

behind each cheek

31
Q

what does the maxillary sinus drain via

A

middle meatus

32
Q

what does the Frontal, Anterior ethmoids, Maxillary drain via?

A

middle meatus

33
Q

what does the posterior ethmoids drain via?

A

superior meatus

34
Q

what does the sphenoid drain via?

A

Sphenoethmoidal recess

35
Q

what does the nasolacrimal duct drain via?

A

ind=ferior meatus

36
Q

what is the medical management of sinusitis?

A 
Remove Allergic triggers
\+/- antihistamines
Treat infection
Reduce inflammation
Steroids (long term nasal spray)
37
Q

what is the surgery for sinusitis

A 
Remove polyps 
Open up sinus drainage pathways
Risks:
Damage lamina papyracea- orbital damage
Damage to skull base- CSF leak and meningitis
38
Q

where is the blood supply from that supplies the nose?

A

internal and external carotids

39
Q

what is the nasal innervation?

A

Almost all Trigeminal Nerve (CNV)
V1 Ophthalmic
V2 Maxillary

40
Q

what is the sensation internal and external?

A

Vidian nerve (greater petrosal from facial CNVII +deep petrosal)
Parasympathetic
Vasomotor Rhinitis/crocodile tears
Vidian neurectomy

systems- head and neck - oc (12 decks)

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