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ENT > Throat > Flashcards

Throat Flashcards

1
Q

What is the commonest cause of tonsillitis?

A

Epstein-Barr Virus

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2
Q

What is the commonest bacterial cause of tonsillitis?

A

Streptococcus Pyogenes

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3
Q

What is the commonest cause of recurrent tonsillitis?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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4
Q

How does tonsillitis present?

A

Sore throat
Painful swallowing
Fever

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5
Q

How is tonsillitis diagnosed?

A

Centor criteria

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6
Q

What is the centor criteria for tonsillitis?

A

Fever >380C
Tonsillar exudates- white patches on tonsils
Absence of cough
Tender anterior cervical lymph nodes

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7
Q

What is the management of viral tonsillitis?

A

Analgesia- Paracetamol or Ibuprofen

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8
Q

What is the management of bacterial tonsillitis?

A

Penicillin V (phenoxymethylpenicillin)

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9
Q

What is the surgical management of tonsillitis?

A

Tonsillectomy

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10
Q

What are the complications of tonsillitis?

A

Quinsy-peritonsillar abscess

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11
Q

What is another name for croup?

A

Laryngotracheobronchitis

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12
Q

What is croup?

A

A form of upper respiratory tract infection

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13
Q

Who is croup seen in?

A

6months to 3 years

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14
Q

What is the main cause of croup?

A

Parainfluenza virus

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15
Q

What is the presentation of croup?

A

Stridor
Barking cough (worse at night)
Fever
Coryzal symptoms

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16
Q

How is croup diagnosed?

A

Clinical diagnosis

17
Q

What is seen on a chest x-ray?

A

Subglottic narrowing-‘steeple sign’

Swelling of the epiglottis - the ‘thumb sign’

18
Q

What is the management of croup?

A

A single dose of oral dexamethasone to all children

19
Q

What is an alternative to dexamethasone?

A

Prednisolone

20
Q

What is the emergency management of croup?

A

High flow oxygen

Nebulised adrenaline

21
Q

What is a thyroglossal cyst?

A

A thyroglossal duct persists and becomes a fluid filled cyst

22
Q

What is a complication of a thyroglossal cyst?

A

The cyst becomes infected causing a hot painful lump

23
Q

What are the features of a thyroglossal cyst?

A

In the midline of the neck
Mobile, non-tender lump
Painful if infected

24
Q

What happens to the cyst with protrusion of the tongue?

A

The cyst moves up and down

25
Q

How is a thyroglossal cyst diagnosed?

A

Ultrasound

26
Q

What is the management of a thyroglossal cyst?

A

Surgical removal and histology

27
Q

What is epiglottitis?

A

Infection causing inflammation of the epiglottis?

28
Q

What is the main cause of epiglottitis?

A

Haemophilus influenza B

29
Q

What is the presentation of epiglottitis?

A 
Rapid onset
High temperature
Generally unwell
Stridor
Drooling of saliva
30
Q

What makes breathing easier in epiglottitis?

A

Easier to breathe if patient leaning forward and extending neck in a seated position

31
Q

How is epiglottitis diagnosed?

A

Direct visualistion

32
Q

What might be seen on a chest x-ray of epiglottitis?

A

Subglottic narrowing-‘steeple sign’

Swelling of the epiglottis - the ‘thumb sign’

33
Q

What should you not do in suspected epiglottitis?

A

Examine the throat due to the risk of acute airway obstruction

34
Q

What is the needed to protect the airway in epiglottitis?

A

Endotracheal intubation

35
Q

What is the management of epiglottitis?

A

Oxygen

Intravenous antibiotics- Cefuroxime

ENT (29 decks)

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