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HEALTH ASSESSMENT - EENT > ThoraxLungs > Flashcards

ThoraxLungs Flashcards

1
Q

FOUR COMPONENTS OF A RESPIRATORY ASSESSMENT

A

INSPECTION

PALPATION

PERCUSSION

AUSCULTATION

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2
Q

forms the thorax (chest) portion of the body

A

thoracic cage (rib cage)

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3
Q

It consist of how many pairs of ribs?

A

12 pairs of ribs with their costal cartilages and the sternum

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4
Q

The ribs are anchored posteriorly to the?

A

12 thoracic vertebrae (T1–T12)

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5
Q

The thoracic cage protects the what?

A

heart and lungs

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6
Q

The ribs are classified as?

A

true ribs (1–7) and false ribs (8–12)

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7
Q

The last two pairs of false ribs are also known as

A

floating ribs (11–12).

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8
Q

It is the elongated bony structure that anchors the anterior thoracic cage

A

Sternum

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9
Q

sternum consists of three parts:

A

the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process

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10
Q

is the wider, superior portion of the sternum

A

manubrium

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11
Q

The top of the manubrium has a shallow, U-shaped border called the

A

jugular (suprasternal) notch

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12
Q

The elongated, central portion of the sternum is the?

A

body

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13
Q

The inferior tip of the sternum is the?

A

xiphoid process.

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14
Q

t is located between the ribcage (sternum) and the shoulder blade (scapula). It is the bone that connects the arm to the body.

A

Clavicle

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15
Q

it is the eponymous name given to the sternal angle which is the palpable anatomical feature formed from the manubriosternal junction

A

ANGLE OF LOUIS

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16
Q

is the joint of the sternal body and the manubrium.

A

manubriosternal junction

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17
Q

a type of joint characterized as a fibrous connection between two bones (the manubrium and the sternal body in the case of the angle of Louis) which does not allow any significant movement.

A

synarthrosis

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18
Q

ACCORDING TO UNDERLYING LUNGS AND LOBES: RIGHT LUNG

A

UPPER
MIDDLE
LOWER

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19
Q

ACCORDING TO UNDERLYING LUNGS AND LOBES: LEFT LUNG

A

UPPER
LOWER

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20
Q

INSPECTION

A

( SSPRCIACS)
Shape
Scars
Prominent veins
Resp rate and rhythm
Chest wall movement
Intercostal recession
Added sounds
Cyanosis
Sputum

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21
Q

Chest wall movement?

A

symmetrical, hyperinflated, paradoxical movement

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22
Q

the chest and abdomen move in the same direction during breathing?

A

Symmetrical

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23
Q

occur when air gets trapped in the lungs and causes them to overinflate. caused by blockages in the air passages or by air sacs that are less elastic, which interferes with the expulsion of air from the lungs.

A

Hyperinflated

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24
Q

an obvious sign that the portion of the chest wall is not assisting with the breathing function.

A

Paradoxical Movement

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25
Q

PALPATION

A

(TPC)
Tenderness
Position of apex beat
Chest wall expansion

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26
Q

The actual beat which you can feel is the very tip of the?

A

Left Ventricle

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27
Q

As you feel the apex beating it should be in time with the?

A

Carotid Pulse

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28
Q

Assessing for chest expansion?

A

(symmetric or asymmetric)

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29
Q

normal range of chest expansionis?

A

2-5 cm

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30
Q

Assessing for chest expansion provides clues regarding the presence of?

A

chest wall pathology, lung volume loss or obstruction.

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31
Q

PERCUSSION

A

compare both sides

start over the clavicles move down anterior chest, ensure to percuss over lateral chest

32
Q

Percussion Sounds:

Description:
Long, loud, low pitched, hollow

Significance:
Normal Lung sounds

33
Q

Percussion Sounds:

Medium in intensity and pitch, moderate length

areas of increased density/decreased air (consolidation, collapse, fibrosis, abscess, neoplasm)

34
Q

Percussion Sounds:

Thudlike

unique for pleural effusion

A

Stony dull

35
Q

Percussion Sounds:

Very loud, low pitched

areas of decreased density-increased air (pneumothorax)

A

Hyper resonant

36
Q

Auscultation BREATH SOUNDS:

A

Normal

Absent

Reduced

Bronchial

37
Q

BREATH SOUNDS: Normal or “vesicular” often described as?

38
Q

BREATH SOUNDS: Reduced local

A

effusion, tumor, pneumothorax, pneumonia or collapse

39
Q

BREATH SOUNDS: Reduced global

A

COPD or asthma (life threatening)

40
Q

BREATH SOUNDS: has a hollow blowing quality?

A

“bronchial” breathing

41
Q

Examples of Added sounds?

A

Wheeze

Crackles

Rub

Stridor

42
Q

Types of Wheeze?

A

Polyphonic and Monophonic

43
Q

whistling from narrowing of the airways

44
Q

air entering collapsed airway.

45
Q

Types of crackles?

A

Coarse and Fine

46
Q

heard at end of inspiration frominflamedpleural surfaces

47
Q

inspiratory, musical, very loud, monophonic wheeze (crowing sound).

48
Q

LUNG CONDITIONS

Damage to the lungs results in difficulty blowing air out, causing shortness of breath

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)

49
Q

LUNG CONDITIONS

is by far the most common cause ofCOPD.

50
Q

LUNG CONDITIONS

A form ofCOPDusually caused by smoking. The fragile walls between the lungs’ air sacs (alveoli) are damaged, trapping air in the lungs and making breathing difficult.

51
Q

LUNG CONDITIONS

Repeated, frequent episodes of productive cough, usually caused by smoking. Breathing also becomes difficult in this form of COPD.

A

Chronic bronchitis

52
Q

LUNG CONDITIONS

Infection in one or both lungs. Bacteria, especiallyStreptococcus pneumoniae, are the most common cause, but pneumonia may also be caused by a virus.

53
Q

LUNG CONDITIONS

The lungs’ airways (bronchi) become inflamed and can spasm, causing shortness of breath and wheezing.

54
Q

LUNG CONDITIONS

often triggerasthma?

A

Allergies, viral infections, or air pollution

55
Q

LUNG CONDITIONS

An infection of the lungs’ large airways (bronchi), usually caused by a virus

A

Acute bronchitis

56
Q

LUNG CONDITIONS

is the main symptom of acute bronchitis.

57
Q

LUNG CONDITIONS

A form ofinterstitial lung disease. The interstitium (walls between air sacs) become scarred, making the lungs stiff and causing shortness of breath.

A

Pulmonary fibrosis

58
Q

LUNG CONDITIONS

Fluid builds up in the normally tiny space between the lung and the inside of the chest wall (the pleural space).

A

Pleural effusion

59
Q

LUNG CONDITIONS

Inflammation of the lining of the lung (pleura), which often causes pain when breathing in. Autoimmune conditions, infections, or apulmonary embolismmay cause pleurisy.

60
Q

LUNG CONDITIONS

The airways (bronchi) become inflamed and expand abnormally, usually after repeated infections. .

A

Bronchiectasis

61
Q

LUNG CONDITIONS

A genetic condition in which mucus does not clear easily from the airways. The excess mucus causes repeated episodes ofbronchitisandpneumoniathroughout life.

A

Cystic fibrosis

62
Q

LUNG CONDITIONS

A collection of conditions in which the interstitium (lining between the air sacs) becomes diseased. Fibrosis (scarring) of the interstitium eventually results, if the process can’t be stopped.

A

Interstitial lung disease

63
Q

LUNG CONDITIONS

Cancer may affect almost any part of the lung.

A

Lung Cancer

64
Q

LUNG CONDITIONS

A slowly progressive pneumonia caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

A

Tuberculosis

65
Q

LUNG CONDITIONS

Ablood clot(usually from a vein in the leg) may break off and travel to the heart, which pumps the clot (embolus) into the lungs.

A

Pulmonary embolism

66
Q

LUNG CONDITIONS

Air in the chest; it occurs when air enters the area around the lung (the pleural space) abnormally.

A

Pneumothorax

67
Q

LABORATORY TESTS

is the most common first test for lung problems. It can identify air or fluid in the chest, fluid in the lung, pneumonia, masses, foreign bodies, and other problems

A

Chest X-ray

68
Q

LABORATORY TESTS

uses X-rays and a computer to make detailed pictures of the lungs and nearby structures.

A

Computed tomography (CT scan)

69
Q

LABORATORY TESTS

A series of tests to evaluate how well the lungs work. Lung capacity, the ability to exhale forcefully, and the ability to transfer air between the lungs and blood are usually tested.

A

Pulmonary function tests(PFTs)

70
Q

LABORATORY TESTS

Part of PFTs measures how fast and how much air you can breathe out.

A

Spirometry

71
Q

LABORATORY TESTS

Culturing mucus coughed up from the lungs can sometimes identify the organism responsible for a pneumonia or bronchitis.

A

Sputum culture

72
Q

LABORATORY TESTS

Viewing sputum under a microscope for abnormal cells can help diagnose lung cancer and other conditions.

A

Sputum cytology

73
Q

LABORATORY TESTS

A small piece of tissue is taken from the lungs, either through bronchoscopy or surgery. Examining the biopsied tissue under a microscope can help diagnose lung conditions

A

Lung Biopsy

74
Q

LABORATORY TESTS

An endoscope (flexible tube with a lighted camera on its end) is passed through the nose or mouth into the airways (bronchi). A doctor can take biopsies or samples for culture during bronchoscopy.

A

Flexible bronchoscopy

75
Q

LABORATORY TESTS

A rigid metal tube is introduced through the mouth into the lungs’ airways. Rigid bronchoscopy is often more effective than flexible bronchoscopy, but it requires general (total) anesthesia.

A

Rigid bronchoscopy

76
Q

LABORATORY TESTS

uses radio waves in a magnetic field to create high-resolution images of structures inside the chest.

A

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI scan)

HEALTH ASSESSMENT - EENT (19 decks)

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