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HEALTH ASSESSMENT - EENT > PHARMACO > Flashcards

PHARMACO Flashcards

basic

1
Q

Human body operates through??

A

complex chemical reactions and processes.

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2
Q

study of biological effects of
chemicals?

A

Pharmacology

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3
Q

chemicals introduced to the body to
cause changes??

A

Drugs

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4
Q

What does body processes do?? and impacting what?

A

handle and eliminate drugs,
chemical reactions.

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5
Q

Is a scientific name that precisely describes its anatomic
and molecular structure

A

Chemical Name

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6
Q

Abbreviation of the chemical name

A

Generic name

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7
Q
  • Brand name or Proprietary name
  • Selected by the drug company selling
    the product
  • These are protected by copyright
  • The symbol ® indicates the name is
    registered by and restricted to the
    drug manufacturer
A

Trade Name

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8
Q

WHERE DRUG COMES FROM

A

Natural Resources and Synthetic

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9
Q

Examples from Natural Resources…

A
  • Plants
  • Animals
  • Minerals
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10
Q

Examples from Synthetic…

A

Free from the
impurities found
in natural
substances

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11
Q

DRUG ADMINISTRATION
ROUTES

A
  1. Buccal, Sublingual.
    Translingual
  2. Gastric
  3. Intravenous
  4. Oral
  5. Rectal and vaginal
  6. Respiratory
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12
Q

Allows direct installation of medication into
the GI system of patients who can’t ingest the
drug orally

A

Gastric

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13
Q

the I.V. route allows injection of substances
(drugs, fluids, blood or blood products, and
diagnostic contrast agents) directly into
the bloodstream through a vein
* administration can range from a single dose
to an ongoing infusion delivered with great
precision

A

Intravenous

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14
Q

This is usually the safest, most convenient, and least
expensive route; drugs are administered to patients
who are conscious and can swallow

A

Oral

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15
Q

Suppositories, ointments, creams, gels, and
tablets may be instilled into the rectum or vagina
to treat local irritation or infection; some drugs
applied to the mucosa of the rectum or vagina can
be absorbed systemically

A

Rectal and Vaginal

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16
Q

Drugs that are available as gases can be
administered into the respiratory system;
drugs given by inhalation are rapidly absorbed,
and medications given by such devices as the
metered-dose inhaler can be self-administered,
or drugs can be administered directly into the
lungs through an endotracheal tube in
emergency situations

A

Respiratory

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17
Q

Drugs shaped spherical to be swallowed

A

pills

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18
Q

Powders compressed into disc-like
form

A

Tablets

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19
Q

Drugs mixed with a wax like base that melts at body temperature

A

Suppositories

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20
Q

Gelatin containers filled with powders or tiny pills

A

Capsules

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21
Q

Water or oil based

A

Solution

22
Q

Prepared using alcohol extraction
process

A

Tincture

23
Q

Preparations in which the solid does not dissolve in
the solvent

A

Suspensions

24
Q

Drug Form

A
  1. Pills
  2. tablets
  3. Suppositories
  4. Capsule
  5. Solution
  6. Tinctures
  7. Suspension
  8. Emulsion
  9. Spirit
  10. Elixir
  11. Syrup
25
Q

Suspensions with an oily substance in the solvent

A

Emulsions

26
Q

Solution of a volatile drug in alcohol

A

Spirits

27
Q

Alcohol and water solvent often with flavouring

A

Elixir

28
Q

Sugar, water, and drug solutions

A

Syrups

29
Q

deals with a drug’s actions as it moves through the body.

A

Pharmacokinetics

30
Q

pharmacokinetics is also
concerned with

A

drug’s onset of action,
peak concentration level,
and duration of action

31
Q

covers a drug’s progress
from the time it’s administered, through its
passage to the tissues, until it reaches
systemic circulation.

A

Absorption

32
Q

On a cellular level, drugs are absorbed by
several means—primarily through…

A

active or
passive transport.

33
Q

is the process by which the
drug is delivered from the systemic circulation
to body tissues and fluids.

A

DISTRIBUTION

34
Q

Distribution of an
absorbed drug within the body depends on
several factors:

A

⚬ blood flow
⚬ solubility
⚬ protein binding

35
Q

is the process by which the body changes a drug from its dosage form to a more water-soluble form that can then be excreted.

A

METABOLISM or biotransformation

36
Q

Drugs can be
metabolized in several ways:

A

Active metabolites
Inactive Metabolites

37
Q

refers to the elimination of
drugs from the body

A

EXCRETION

38
Q

The study of the drug mechanisms that produce
biochemical or physiologic changes in the body.

A

PHARMACODYNAMICS

39
Q

The use of drugs to treat disease.

A

PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS

40
Q

can occur between
drugs or between drugs and foods.
They can interfere with the results of
a laboratory test or produce physical
or chemical incompatibilities. The
more drugs a patient receives, the
greater the chances that a drug
interaction will occur.

A

DRUG INTERACTIONS

41
Q

Potential drug interactions
include:

A

⚬ Additive effects
⚬ Potentiation
⚬ Antagonistic effects
⚬ Decreased or increased
absorption

42
Q

When two drugs with similar effects are taken together, their combined effect is equal to the sum of their individual effects.

A

Additive effects

43
Q

When one drug enhances the effect of another drug, making it more effective than if the second drug was taken alone.

A

Potentiation

44
Q

When two drugs have opposite effects, and one drug reduces or cancels out the effect of the other.

A

Antagonistic effect

45
Q

When the absorption of one drug is altered by another, leading to lower or higher levels of the drug in the bloodstream.

A

decrease or increase absorption

46
Q

A drug’s desired effect is called

A

the expected therapeutic response

47
Q

An adverse drug reaction is also called

A

side effector adverse effect

48
Q

Needed immediately

A

STAT

49
Q

Given only once

A

Single Order

50
Q

Given as needed

A

PRN

51
Q

Written in advance carried out under
specific circumstances

A

Standing order

HEALTH ASSESSMENT - EENT (16 decks)

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