IMMUNIZATION ( ms nat )

Question 1

The body has many defense systems in place to keep it intact and to protect
from external stressors what are them? BVOTE

Answer 1

1. Bacteria
2. Viruses
3. Other foreign pathogens
4. Trauma
5. Exposure to extreme environment conditions

Question 2

The body’s defenses includes: BCII

Answer 2

1. Barrier Defenses
2. Cellular Defenses
3. Inflammatory Defenses
4. Immune Response

Question 3

Each of these defenses plays a major role in maintaining?

Answer 3

homeostasis and preventing disease

Question 4

Certain anatomical barriers exist to prevent the entry of foreign pathogens
and to serve as important lines of defense in protecting the body.

Answer 4

barrier defense

Question 5

Barrier Defense:

Answer 5

skin and
mucous membranes,
gastric acid, and the
major histocompatibility complex (MHC)

Question 6

is the first line of defense

Answer 6

skin

Question 7

contains chemicals that are toxic to bacteria

Answer 7

sebum

Question 8

line the areas of the body that are exposed to
external influences but do not have the benefit of skin protection.

Answer 8

mucous membrane

Question 9

Mucous membrane example:

Answer 9

Respiratory tract
Gastrointestinal tract
genitourinary tract

Question 10

The stomach secretes acid in response to many stimuli. The acidity of the
stomach not only aids digestion but also destroys many would-be
pathogens that are either ingested or swallowed after removal from the
respiratory tract. Normal flora that live in this acidic environment also help
to destroy many of these ingested pathogens.

Answer 10

gastric acid

Question 11

The body’s last barrier of defense is the ability to distinguish between
selfcells and foreign cells.

Answer 11

major histocompatibility complex

Question 12

In humans, the genetic identification
code is carried on a ______ and is called the major
histocompatibility complex

Answer 12

chromosome

Question 13

The MHC produces several proteins called
__________ _____, or _____ ______ _____

Answer 13

histocompatibility antigens, human leukocyte antigen

Question 14

Any foreign pathogen that manages to get past the barrier defenses will
encounter the human inflammatory and immune systems, or the
mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS).

Answer 14

Cellular Defense

Question 15

Leukocyte:

Answer 15

WBC

Question 16

Key component of the immune system and consists of T cells, be cells and natural killer
cells

Answer 16

Lymphocytes

Question 16

2 types of leukocytes:

Answer 16

Lymphocyte
Myelocytes

Question 17

Different cell types those are important in both the basic inflammatory response and the immune
response.

Answer 17

Myelocytes

Question 18

Myelocytes include: NBEM

Answer 18

neutrophils,
basophils,
eosinophils, and
monocytes or macrophages

Question 19

are polymorphonuclear leukocytes that are capable of moving outside of the
bloodstream (diapedesis) and engulfing and digesting foreign material (phagocytosis).
* When the body is injured or invaded by a pathogen, ____ are rapidly produced
and moved to the site of the insult to attack the foreign material
* Able to identify nonself-cells by use of MHC

Answer 19

Neutrophils

Question 20

are myelocytic leukocytes that are not capable of phagocytosis.
* They contain chemical substances or mediators that are important for initiating and
maintaining an immune or inflammatory response. These substances include histamine,
heparin, and other chemicals used in the inflammatory response.

Answer 20

Basophils

Question 21

are circulating myelocytic leukocytes.
* They are often found at the site of allergic reactions and may be responsible for
removing the proteins and active components of the immune reaction from the
site of an allergic response.

Answer 21

Eosinophils

Question 22

are also called macrophages.
* They are mature leukocytes that are capable of phagocytizing an antigen.
* Macrophages help to remove foreign material from the body, including
pathogens, debris from dead cells, and necrotic tissue from injury sites, so that
the body can heal. They also can process antigens and present them to active
lymphocytes for destruction.

Answer 22

monocytes

Question 23

Fixed basophils that do not circulate
* Can be found in respiratory and GI tracts and in the
skin

Answer 23

Mast cell

Question 24

the local reaction of the body to
invasion or injury

Answer 24

inflammatory response