Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HEALTH ASSESSMENT LEC (DOC CONDES) > THORAX & LUNGS ASSESSMENT > Flashcards

THORAX & LUNGS ASSESSMENT Flashcards

1
Q

The _____ forms the thorax (chest) portion of the body. It consists of the 12 pairs with their costal cartilages and the sternum. These are anchored posteriorly to the 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1-Tl2). It protects the heart and lungs.

A

thoracic cage (rib cage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The ribs are classified as ______ and _____. The last two pairs of false ribs are also known as _______

A

true ribs (1-7) & false ribs (8-12);
floating ribs (11-12).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

It is the elongated bony structure that anchors the anterior thoracic cage. It consists of three parts: the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process.

A

Sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The _____ is the wider, superior portion of the sternum.

A

manubrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The top of the manubrium has a shallow, U-shaped border called the _______

A

jugular (suprasternal) notch.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The elongated, central portion of the sternum is the body. The inferior tip of the sternum is the _____. This small structure is cartilaginous early in life, but gradually becomes ossified starting during middle age.

A

xiphoid process.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

It is located between the ribcage (sternum) and the shoulder blade (scapula). It is the bone that connects the arm to the body.

A

Clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

It is the eponymous name given to the sternal angle which is the palpable anatomical feature formed from the manubriosternal junction.

A

ANGLE OF LOUIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The _______ is the joint of the sternal body and the manubrium.

A

manubriosternal junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

This angle of Louis is a ______, a type of joint characterized as a fibrous connection between two bones (the manubrium and the sternal body in the case of the angle of Louis) which does not allow any significant movement.

A

synarthrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ACCORDING TO UNDERLYING LUNGS AND LOBES, RIGHT LUNG HAS ____ LOBES

A

3 (Upper, Middle, Lower)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ACCORDING TO UNDERLYING LUNGS AND LOBES, LEFT LUNG HAS ____ LOBES

A

2 (upper & lower)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

INSPECTION OF THORAX AND LUNGS INCLUDES:

A

• Shape
• Scars
• Prominent veins
• Resp rate and rhythm
• Chest wall movement
• Intercostal recession
• Added sounds
• Cyanosis
• Sputum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the chest and abdomen move in the same direction during breathing.

A

Symmetrical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

occur when air gets trapped in the lungs and causes them to overinflate. It can be caused by blockages in the air passages or by air sacs that are less elastic, which interferes with the expulsion of air from the lungs.

A

Hyperinflated lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

_____ is an obvious sign that the portion of the chest wall is not assisting with the breathing function.

A

Paradoxical movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

IN PALPATION OF THORAX AND LUNGS, WE CHECK FOR:

A

• Tenderness
• Position of apex beat
• Chest wall expansion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The actual beat which you can feel is the very tip of the _____ pushing against the chest wall as the left ventricle contracts and the heart is pushed against it. As you feel the apex beating it should be in time with the carotid pulse.

A

left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Assessing for chest expansion (symmetric or asymmetric) provides clues regarding the presence of:

A

chest wall pathology;
lung volume loss or obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

According to a study normal range of chest expansion is _____

A

2-5 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

In percussing, start over the clavicles move down anterior chest, ensure to percuss over ______

A

lateral chest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Description of resonant sound

A

Long
loud
low pitched
hollow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Description of dull sound

A

Medium in intensity and pitch;
moderate length

24
Q

Description of Stony dull sound

A

Thudlike

25
Q

Description of Hyper resonant

A

Very loud;
low pitched

26
Q

Damage to the lungs results in difficulty blowing air out, causing shortness of breath. Smoking is by far the most common cause of ______.

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

27
Q

A form of COPD usually caused by smoking. The fragile walls between the lungs’ air sacs (alveoli) are damaged, trapping air in the lungs and making breathing difficult.

A

Emphysema

28
Q

Repeated, frequent episodes of productive cough, usually caused by smoking. Breathing also becomes difficult in this form of COPD.

A

Chronic bronchitis

29
Q

Infection in one or both lungs. Bacteria, especially Streptococcus pneumoniae, are the most common cause, but pneumonia may also be caused by a virus.

A

Pneumonia

30
Q

Bacteria, especially ______, are the most common cause, but pneumonia may also be caused by a virus.

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

31
Q

The lungs’ airways (bronchi) become inflamed and can spasm, causing shortness of breath and wheezing.

A

Asthma

32
Q

_______ often trigger asthma.

A

Allergies, viral infections, or air pollution

33
Q

An infection of the lungs’ large airways (bronchi), usually caused by a virus. Cough is the main symptom of ______

A

Acute bronchitis

34
Q

A form of interstitial lung disease. The interstitium (walls between air sacs) become scarred, making the lungs stiff and causing shortness of breath.

A

Pulmonary fibrosis

35
Q

Fluid builds up in the normally tiny space between the lung and the inside of the chest wall (the pleural space). If large, this can cause problems with breathing.

A

Pleural effusion

36
Q

Inflammation of the lining of the lung (pleura), which often causes pain when breathing in. Autoimmune conditions, infections, or a pulmonary embolism may cause pleurisy.

A

Pleurisy

37
Q

Autoimmune conditions, infections, or a ______ may cause pleurisy.

A

pulmonary embolism

38
Q

The airways (bronchi) become inflamed and expand abnormally, usually after repeated infections. Coughing, with large amounts of mucus, is the main symptom of _______.

A

Bronchiectasis

39
Q

______ is the main symptom of bronchiectasis.

A

Coughing, with large amounts of mucus

40
Q

A genetic condition in which mucus does not clear easily from the airways. The excess mucus causes repeated episodes
of bronchitis and pneumonia throughout life.

A

Cystic fibrosis

41
Q

A collection of conditions in which the interstitium (lining between the air sacs) becomes diseased. Fibrosis (scarring) of the interstitium eventually results, if the process can’t be stopped.

A

Interstitial lung disease

42
Q

May affect almost any part of the lung. Most ______ is caused by smoking.

A

Lung cancer

43
Q

A slowly progressive pneumonia caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Chronic cough, fever, weight loss, and night sweats are common symptoms of ______.

A

Tuberculosis

44
Q

Tuberculosis, a slowly progressive pneumonia caused by the bacteria ______

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

45
Q

_______ are common symptoms of tuberculosis.

A

Chronic cough;
fever;
weight loss;
night sweats

46
Q

A blood clot (usually from a vein in the leg) may break off and travel to the heart, which pumps the clot (embolus) into the lungs. Sudden shortness of breath is the most common symptom of a ______

A

Pulmonary embolism

47
Q

Air in the chest; it occurs when air enters the area around the lung (the pleural space) abnormally. It can be caused by an injury or may happen spontaneously.

A

Pneumothorax

48
Q

An _____ is the most common first test for lung problems. It can identify air or fluid in the chest, fluid in the lung, pneumonia, masses, foreign bodies, and other problems.

A

X-ray

49
Q

A _________ uses X-rays and a computer to make detailed pictures of the lungs and nearby structures.

A

Computed tomography (CT scan)

50
Q

A series of tests to evaluate how well the lungs work. Lung capacity, the ability to exhale forcefully, and the ability to transfer air between the lungs and blood are usually tested.

A

Pulmonary function tests (PFTs)

51
Q

Part of PFIs measures how fast and how much air you can breathe out.

A

Spirometry

52
Q

Culturing mucus coughed up from the lungs can sometimes identify the organism responsible for a pneumonia or bronchitis

A

Sputum culture

53
Q

Viewing sputum under a microscope for abnormal cells can help diagnose lung cancer and other conditions.

A

Sputum cytology

54
Q

A small piece of tissue is taken from the lungs, either through bronchoscopy or surgery. Examining the biopsied tissue under a microscope can help diagnose lung conditions.

A

Lung biopsy

55
Q

An endoscope (flexible tube with a lighted camera on its end) is passed through the nose or mouth into the airways (bronchi). A doctor can take biopsies or samples for culture during ________.

A

Flexible bronchoscopy

56
Q

A rigid metal tube is introduced through the mouth into the lungs’ airways. It is often more effective than flexible bronchoscopy, but it requires general (total) anesthesia.

A

Rigid bronchoscopy

57
Q

An ______ scanner uses radio waves in a magnetic field to create high-resolution images of structures inside the chest.

A

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI scan)

HEALTH ASSESSMENT LEC (DOC CONDES) (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions