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HEALTH ASSESSMENT LEC (DOC CONDES) > NEUROLOGICAL ASSESSMENT > Flashcards

NEUROLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Flashcards

1
Q

Nervous System is Divided into two regions:

A

–Central Nervous System (CNS)
–Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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2
Q

Control center of body and is covered and protected by scalp, skull, and meninges

A

CNS - Brain

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3
Q

parts of Cerebrum

A

right and left hemispheres
frontal
parietal
occipital
temporal lobes

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4
Q

part of the brain (thalamus and hypothalamus) responsible for body temperature and sleep

A

Diencephalon

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5
Q

part of the brain responsible for position sense, posture & equilibrium/balance

A

Cerebellum

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6
Q

part of the brain (medulla oblongata, pons & midbrain) responsible for respiration & cardiac regulation, sneezing

A

Brain Stem

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7
Q

4 Lobes of the Cerebrum

A

• Parietal
•Frontal
•Temporal
•Occipital

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8
Q

somatic sensory center

A

Parietal

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9
Q

higher intellect, speech production, personality, behavior, emotions, voluntary movement

A

Frontal

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10
Q

hearing, memory, speech perception and translation

A

Temporal

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11
Q

for vision

A

occipital

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12
Q

Extends from medulla to the level of the first lumbar vertebra; Cord protected by vertebra, meninges and cerebral spinal fluid

A

CNS – Spinal Cord

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13
Q

Spinal Roots

A

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar nerves

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14
Q

Posterior roots is for _____

A

sensory

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15
Q

Anterior roots is for _____

A

motor

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16
Q

Damage to posterior roots = loss of ____

A

loss of sensation

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17
Q

Damage to anterior roots = ______

A

flaccid paralysis

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18
Q

Rapid involuntary predictable motor response to a stimulus.

A

Reflex

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19
Q

Reflex ______ , is not dependent on the brain.

A

arc

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20
Q

2 types of reflex

A

• Somatic
• Autonomic

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21
Q

this type of reflex is for Skeletal muscle contraction

A

Somatic

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22
Q

This type of reflex is for Cardiac, smooth muscle and glands

A

Autonomic

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23
Q

Three basic types of neurologic examination

A
  1. Screening neurologic exam
  2. Complete neurologic exam
  3. Neurologic recheck exam
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24
Q

Assess Level of consciousness (LOC)/orientated, intact recent and remote memory by:

A

–Confusion/disorientation
–Lethargy
–Delirium
–Coma
–Glasgow Coma Scale

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25
Q

Assess Cognitive abilities and mentation by:

A
  • Mini Mental State Examination
    –Mental Status Exam
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26
Q

The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is a calculated scale that determines a patient’s _______.

A

patient’s level of consciousness.

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27
Q

Medical professionals use Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) to evaluate patients with:

A

•traumatic brain injury
•altered mental status

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28
Q

The Glasglow coma scale measures three categories:

A

•Eye opening (E)
• Motor response (M)
• Verbal response (V)

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29
Q

The GCS score is the sum of the score in each of the three categories, with a maximum score of ____ (normal) and a minimum score of _____ (deep unconsciousness),

A

maximum score of 15;

minimum score of 3

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30
Q

A normal GCS score is equal to _____, which indicates a person is fully conscious.

A

15

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31
Q

GCS Score of 13-15 indicates _____

A

Mild head injury

32
Q

GCS Score of Score 9-12 indicates _____

A

Moderate head injury

33
Q

GCS Score of Score of 8 or less indicates _____

A

Severe head injury

34
Q

difficulty/discomfort in talking (laryngeal disease)

A

Aphonia/dysphonia

35
Q

distorted speech sounds, may sound unintelligible, basic language intact

A

Cerebellar dysarthria

36
Q

_____ is a language disorder that makes it hard for you to read, write, and say what you mean to say. Sometimes it makes it hard to understand what other people are saying, too.

A

Aphasia

37
Q

Understands, but cannot speak

A

Broca’s (expressive)

38
Q

severe form, absent/reduced speech, absent/reduced understanding; combination of broca’s and wrnicke’s

A

Global

39
Q

Ability to express self, but cannot understand others

A

Wernicke’s (receptive)

40
Q

Ask to repeat 3-4 unrelated words

A

Immediate memory (sec-min)

41
Q

Ask who “I” am, last meal, last visitor

A

Recent memory (min-hrs)

42
Q

Ask the birthday, anniversary, last President, favorite President

A

Remote memory (days-yrs)

43
Q

Meaning of a proverb, simple math

A

Abstract reasoning skills

44
Q

4 Comatose posturing

A
  1. Decorticate Rigidity (abnormal flexion)
  2. Decerebrate Rigidity (abnormal extension)
  3. Flaccid Quadriplegia (nonfunctional brain stem)
  4. Opisthotonos (meningeal irritation)
45
Q

is a term for a group of disorders that affect coordination, balance and speech. Any part of the body can be affected, but people with ataxia often have difficulties with: balance, walking, speaking.

A

Ataxia

46
Q

_____ is a neurological examination that is used to test for balance and coordination.

A

Romberg Test

47
Q

This assesses the patient’s ability to stand with the feet parallel and together with the eyes open and then closed for 30 s.

A

Romberg Test

48
Q

______ is a gait (method of walking or running) where the toes of the first foot touch the heel of the next one at each step. Neurologists sometimes ask patients to walk in a straight line using tandem gait as a test to help diagnose ataxia.

A

Tandem gait

49
Q

stroke, immobile arm against body, stiff/extended leg, toe drag. It is a neuromuscular condition of spasticity that results in the muscles on one side of the body being in a constant state of contraction.

A

Spastic hemiparesis

50
Q

loss of position sense, staggering, alcohol (barbiturate). It is a sudden, uncoordinated muscle movement due to disease or injury to the cerebellum.

A

Cerebellar ataxia

51
Q

basal ganglia defects, stooped posture, trunk forward. It is a brain disorder that causes unintended or uncontrollable movements, such as shaking, stiffness, and difficulty with balance and coordination.

A

Parkinsonian

52
Q

it is a type of spastic paraparetic gait in which the muscle tone in the adductors is marked. It is characterized by hypertonia and flexion in the legs, hips and pelvis accompanied by extreme adduction leading to the knees and thighs hitting, or sometimes even crossing, in a scissors-like movement.

A

Scissors

53
Q

lower motor neuron defects the inability to lift the foot while walking due to the weakness of muscles that cause dorsiflexion of the ankle joint. Itis not a commonly seen condition.

A

Steppage/footdrop

54
Q

weakness in your hip girdle and upper thigh muscles. To make up for the weakness, you sway from side to side and your hip drops with each step. It’s also called myopathic gait

A

Waddling

55
Q

Occurs in a body part that is relaxed and completely supported against gravity and reduces activation of musculature.
Most commonly caused by parkinsonism, but may also occur in severe essential tremor

A

Resting

56
Q

Occurs with voluntary contraction of muscle. Includes postural, isometric, and kinetic tremors

A

Action

57
Q

Occurs when the body part is voluntarily maintained against gravity. Includes essential, physiologic, cerebellar, dystonic, and drug-induced tremors

A

Postural

58
Q

Occurs as a result of muscle contraction against a rigid stationary object

A

Isometric

59
Q

Occurs with any form of voluntary movement Includes classic cerebellar, dystonic, and drug-induced tremors; essential tremor can cross over to this category

A

Kinetic

60
Q

Subtype of kinetic tremor amplified as the target is reached. Presence of this type of tremor implies that there is a disturbance of the cerebellum or its pathways

A

Intention

61
Q

(also termed superficial sensation): receptors in skin and mucous membranes

A

Exteroceptive sensation

62
Q

(also termed deep sensation): receptors located in muscles, tendons, ligaments and joints

A

Proprioceptive sensation

63
Q

interpretative sensory functions that require analysis of individual sensory modalities by the parietal lobes to provide discrimination. Individual sensory modalities must be intact to measure _____

A

Cortical sensation

64
Q

unable to identify object

A

Astereognosis

65
Q

inability to identify figure

A

Agraphesthesia

66
Q

Severe pain, spasms and resistance with gentle neck flexion

A

Nuchal rigidity

67
Q

Thigh on abdomen, knee flexed to 90 degrees, resistance with pain

A

Kernig’s sign

68
Q

Chin to chest - involuntary hip flexion and pain

A

Brudzinski’s sign

69
Q

this reflex starts when the corner of the baby’s mouth is stroked or touched. The baby will turn his or her head and open his or her mouth to follow and root in the direction of the stroking.

A

Rooting

70
Q

When something touches a baby’s palate, he or she starts to suck it.

A

Sucking

71
Q

stroking the palm of a baby’s hand causes the baby to close his or her fingers in a grasp.

A

Palmar Grasp

72
Q

it is a normal reflex for an infant when he or she is startled or feels like they are falling. The infant will have a startled look and the arms will fling out sideways with the palms up and the thumbs flexed.

A

Moro

73
Q

Then a baby’s head is turned to one side, the arm on that side stretches out and the opposite arm bends up at the elbow.

A

Tonic Neck

74
Q

occurs after the sole of the foot has been firmly stroked. The big toe then moves upward or toward the top surface of the foot.

A

Babinski

75
Q

Abduction of the toes with dorsiflexion of the great toe

A

Babinski

HEALTH ASSESSMENT LEC (DOC CONDES) (10 decks)

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