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HEALTH ASSESSMENT LEC (DOC CONDES) > SKIN, HAIR, AND NAIL ASSESSMENT (midterm) > Flashcards

SKIN, HAIR, AND NAIL ASSESSMENT (midterm) Flashcards

1
Q

The assessment of the integumentary system includes the ___, ____, and ____ is an important element of the nurse’s assessment of the patient’s health status.

A

skin, hair and nails

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2
Q

Largest Organ of the Body and serves as a protection from environment

A

SKIN

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3
Q

Three-dimensional view of the skin are:

A
  1. subcutaneous tissue
  2. glands
  3. hairs.
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4
Q

Major function of the skin

A
  1. Perceiving touch, pressure, temperature, and pain via the nerve endings
  2. Protecting against mechanical, chemical, thermal, and solar damage
  3. Protecting against loss of water and electrolytes
  4. Regulating body temperature
  5. Repairing surface wounds through cellular replacement
  6. Synthesizing vitamin D
  7. Allowing identification through uniqueness of facial contours, skin and hair color, and fingerprints
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5
Q

2 types of hair

A
  1. Vellus
  2. Terminal
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6
Q

_______ is lightly pigmented, fine, short hair, often referred to as “peach fuzz” that is found on the face, arms, stomach, and legs.

A

Vellus hair

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7
Q

Thin Plates of Keratinized Epidermal Cells That Cover the Distal Ends of Fingers and Toes

A

nails

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7
Q

Thin Fiber Compound of Dead Keratinized Cells

A

hair

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7
Q

ABCDE Criteria Stands for:

A

A= Asymmetry
B= Border Irregularity
C= Color Variegation
D= Diameter greater than 6mm
E= Evolving Changes

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7
Q

_____is coarse, thick hair that is found on the scalp, underarms, and pubic area.

A

Terminal hair

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8
Q

Abnormal Skin Findings examples

A
  1. Primary and secondary lesions
  2. Vascular lesions
  3. Purpuric lesions
  4. Infections
  5. Malignant lesions
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8
Q

Specific Questions for focused interview

A

Illness or infection
Symptoms
Pain
Behaviors
Infants and children
Pregnant females
Older adults
Environment

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9
Q

In assessing, there is a removal of the following:

A

Clothing
Cosmetics
Hairpieces
Jewelry
Wigs

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10
Q

It is a permanent birthmark. It’s a smooth, flat, pink, red or purple patch on a newborn that may get darker and raised or bumpy over time.

A

Port-wine stain

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10
Q

It is a bright red birthmark that shows up at birth or in the first or second week of life. It looks like a rubbery bump and is made up of extra blood vessels in the skin.

A

Hemangioma

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11
Q

The condition “Port-wine stain” gets its name because it looks like someone spilled or splashed dark red wine on the skin. It’s also called ______

A

nevus flammeus.

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12
Q

It is also known as a spider nevus or spider telangiectasia, is a small red to purple mark on your skin caused by dilated (wide) blood vessels (capillaries) near the surface of your skin.

A

Spider (star) angioma.

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13
Q

_______ get their name because the mark on your skin looks like the body and legs of a spider.

A

Spider angiomas

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14
Q

It is a small, dark blue to purple slightly elevated papules. These papules are soft and compressible. They commonly appear on sun-exposed areas such as the face, lips, ears, neck and back of the hand of elderly people. These little purple papules are typically asymptomatic, causing no pain or symptoms. They are benign, but often are confused with melanoma.

A

Venous lake

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14
Q

The two main types of purpura

A
  1. thrombocytopenic purpura
  2. nonthrombocytopenic purpura
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14
Q

The two main types of purpura are related to_______. Platelets help your blood clot and prevent severe bleeding.

A

blood platelet levels

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14
Q

It is thought that_____can cause venous lakes and possibly smoking, although the cause is unknown. They are usually seen in people older than 50 and are more common in men than in women

A

long-term sun exposure

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14
Q

These arepinpoint, round spots that appear on the skin as a result of bleeding. They can be caused bya simple injury, straining or more serious conditions. The bleeding causes the _____ to appear red, brown or purple.

A

Petechiae.

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15
Q

_______ commonly appear in clusters and may look like a rash. Usually flat to the touch, don’t lose color when you press on them.

A

Petechiae

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15
Q

It is also called blood spots or skin hemorrhages, refers to purple-colored spots that are most recognizable on the skin. The spots may also appear on organs or mucous membranes, including the membranes on the inside of the mouth.

A

Purpura.

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16
Q

Purpura is also called _______, refers to purple-colored spots that are most recognizable on the skin.

A

blood spots or skin hemorrhages

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16
Q

________ occurs when small blood vessels burst, causing blood to pool under the skin. This can create purple spots on the skin that range in size from small dots to large patches.

A

Purpura

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16
Q

Purpura larger than 1 centimeter (cm) is called ______

A

ecchymoses (or bruises).

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17
Q

A person with ________ has low platelet counts.

A

thrombocytopenic purpura

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18
Q

A person with ______ has platelet levels in a normal range.

A

nonthrombocytopenic purpura

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18
Q

______are tiny, dot-like purpura. If the purpura spot is less than 4 mm wide, it’s called ____.

A

Petechiae

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19
Q

Purpura is between _______ in diameter.

A

4 millimeters (mm) and 10 mm in diameter.

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20
Q

It is the medical term for a bruise. It is skin discoloration from damaged, leaking blood vessels underneath your skin. Even though there’s blood pooling underneath your skin, you won’t have any external bleeding unless your skin breaks open.

A

Ecchymosis (bruise/contusion).

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21
Q

It is generally defined as a collection of blood outside of blood vessels. Most commonly, _____ are caused by an injury to the wall of a blood vessel, prompting blood to seep out of the blood vessel into the surrounding tissues.

A

Hematoma

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21
Q

________ is a skin discoloration that results from bleeding underneath the skin.

A

Ecchymosis

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21
Q

A _____ is defined as a solid swelling of clotted blood within the body’s tissues.

A

hematoma

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21
Q

Skin Lesions Examples

A

Tinea
Measles
Varicella
Herpes
Psoriasis
Dermatitis
Eczema
Impetigo

22
Q

It is also known as ring worm. It is a rash caused by a fungal infection. It’s usually an itchy, circular rash with clearer skin in the middle. Ringworm gets its name because of its appearance. No worm is involved.

A

Tinea corporis.

22
Q

It is an infection that mostly affects the skin and lymph nodes. In kids, rubella — commonly called ______ — is usually a mild illness. But the infection is dangerous for pregnant women because it can cause serious health problems in their babies. This is caused by the rubella (notthe same virus that causes measles). It spreads when people breathe in virus-infected fluid.

A

German measles or 3-day measles (rubella).

22
Q

It is an infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus. It causes an itchy rash with small, fluid-filled blisters. This is highly contagious to people who haven’t had the disease or been vaccinated against it.

A

Chickenpox (varicella).

22
Q

two types of herpes simplex:

A

Herpes simplex 1
Herpes simplex 2

22
Q

It is a childhood infection caused by a virus named rubeola. Once quite common, ____ can now almost always be prevented with a vaccine. Also called rubeola, this spreads easily and can be serious and even fatal for small children.

A

Measles (rubeola)

22
Q

The itchy blister rash caused by chickenpox infection appears _____ after exposure to the virus and usually lasts about five to 10 days.

A

10 to 21 days

23
Q

It is a virus that causes skin infections. The infection lasts your lifetime, and it causes painful or itchy sores and blisters that come and go. _______ virus typically doesn’t cause severe problems. But it can be dangerous in infants and people with weakenedimmune systems

A

Herpes simplex.

23
Q

________ commonly known as genital herpes, is asexually transmitted infection (STI). It causes sores on skin that comes in contact with the genitals of an infected person. Sometimes a herpes infection can affect other parts of your body, such as your eyes or other parts of yourskin.

A

Herpes simplex 2(HSV-2)

23
Q

______ commonly known as oral herpes, tends to affect your mouth or face. It causes cold sores. HSV-1 spreads through contact with saliva (spit).

A

Herpes simplex 1(HSV-1)

24
Q

It is also known as shingles, is caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), the same virus that causes varicella (chickenpox).

A

Herpes zoster.

25
Q

It is a common and highly contagious skin infection that mainly affects infants and young children caused by one or both of the following bacteria:group A Streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus.

A

Impetigo.

25
Q

It is a type ofskin cancerthat forms in the basal cells of your skin. ___ cells exist in the lower part of your epidermis, which is the outside layer of your skin. This looks like a small, sometimes shiny bump or scaly flat patch on your skin that slowly grows over time.

A

Basal cell carcinoma.

25
Q

It is an itchy rash caused by direct contact with a substance or an allergic reaction to it. The rash isn’t contagious, but it can be very uncomfortable.

A

Contact dermatitis.

25
Q

When you have chickenpox as a child, your body fights off the varicella-zoster virus and the physical signs of chickenpox fade away, but the virus always remains in your body. In adulthood, sometimes the virus becomes active again. This time, the ____ virus makes its second appearance in the form of shingles.

A

varicella-zoster virus

25
Q

It is a skin disease that causes a rash with itchy, scaly patches, most commonly on the knees, elbows, trunk and scalp.

A

Psoriasis.

25
Q

_____ occurs when skin cells are replaced more quickly than usual. It’s not known exactly why this happens, butresearch suggestsit’s caused bya problem with the immune system.

A

Psoriasis

26
Q

It is a common, long-term (chronic) disease with no cure. It can be painful, interfere with sleep and make it hard to concentrate. The condition tends to go through cycles, flaring for a few weeks or months, then subsiding for a while.

A

Psoriasis

26
Q

It is a common form of skin cancer that develops in the squamous cells that make up the middle and outer layers of the skin. _______ of the skin is usually not life-threatening, though it can be aggressive. Untreated, it can grow large or spread to other parts of your body, causing serious complications.

A

Squamous cell carcinoma.

26
Q

It usually appears as reddish sores on the face, especially around the nose and mouth and on the hands and feet. Over about a week, the sores burst and develop honey-colored crusts.

A

Impetigo.

26
Q

Impetigo is caused by one or both of the following bacteria:

A

group A Streptococcus
Staphylococcus aureus.

27
Q

Malignant Lesions examples

A

Basal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Malignant melanoma
Kaposi’s sarcoma

28
Q

It is the most serious type of skin cancer, develops in the cells (melanocytes) that produce melanin — the pigment that gives your skin its color.

A

Malignant melanoma.

28
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma is always caused by an infection with a virus called ____, which is also known as Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV).

A

human herpesvirus 8

29
Q

It causes crusty or oily scaly patches on a baby’s scalp. The condition isn’t painful or itchy. But it can cause thick white or yellow scales that aren’t easy to remove. It usually clears up on its own in weeks or a few months. Home care measures include washing your baby’s scalp daily with a mild shampoo.

A

Cradle Cap.

29
Q

It is a rash caused by a fungal infection. It usually causes itchy, scaly, bald patches on the head. Ringworm of the scalp is a contagious infection. It’s most common in toddlers and school-age children.

A

Tinea capitis (scalp ringworm).

29
Q

_____ helps reduce your risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin and other forms of skin cancer

A

AvoidingUVlight

29
Q

The 3 main types of Alopecia are:

A
  1. Alopecia areata
  2. Alopecia totalis
  3. Alopecia universalis
30
Q

Cradle cap contributing factors may be :

A
  1. hormones that pass from the mother to the baby before birth.
  2. yeast (fungus) called malassezia that grows in the sebum along with bacteria.
30
Q

This is a disease that develops when the body attacks its own hair follicles (where hair grows from), which can cause hair loss anywhere on the body.

A

Alopecia.

30
Q

It is a disease in which cancer cells are found in the skin or mucous membranes that line the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, from mouth to anus, including the stomach and intestines. These tumors appear as purple patches or nodules on the skin and/or mucous membranes and can spread to lymph nodes and lungs.

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma.

30
Q

Alopecia= _____
Areata= ______

A

Alopecia= medical term for bald.
Areata= patchy.

31
Q

This patchy baldness can develop anywhere on the body, including the scalp, beard area, eyebrows, eyelashes, armpits, inside your nose, or ears.

A

Alopecia areata

31
Q

Abnormal Hair Findings examples

A

Tinea capitis
Alopecia
Infection
Folliculitis
Hirsutism

32
Q

The person loses all hair, leaving the entire body hairless. This is rare.

A

Alopecia universalis

32
Q

The person loses all hair on the scalp, so the scalp is completely bald.

A

Alopecia totalis

33
Q

It is a common skin condition that happens when hair follicles become inflamed. It’s often caused by an infection with bacteria. At first it may look like small pimples around the tiny pockets from where each hair grows (hair follicles). The condition can be itchy, sore and embarrassing. The infection can spread and turn into crusty sores.

A

Folliculitis.

34
Q

It is a condition that causes excess hair to grow on certain parts of your body. It mainly affects women and people assigned female at birth. It doesn’t have a known cause, but it’s a symptom of other conditions, including polycystic ovary syndrome.

A

Hirsutism.

34
Q

You may develop coarse, dark hair growth on your upper lip, chin, chest, abdomen or back instead of the fine hair sometimes referred to as _____ that commonly grows in those areas.

A

“peach fuzz”

35
Q

Folliculitis is often caused when hair follicles are infected with bacteria, commonly _____. It may also be caused by viruses, fungi, parasites, medications or physical injury.

A

Staphylococcus aureus (staph).

35
Q

Abnormal Nail Findings examples

A

Spoon nails
Paronychia
Beau’s line
Splinter hemorrhage
Onycholysis

35
Q

It is also known as “koilonychia”. It refers to soft nails that have a spoon-shaped dent in them. Often form gradually.

A

Spoon nail

35
Q

In many people, the first sign of “spoon nails” is _____. Then, eventually, an indentation forms. The indentation is deep enough to hold a drop of water on your nail bed.

A

flattened nails.

35
Q

You’re more likely to have spoon nails if you have nutritional deficiencies like ____________.

A

iron or vitamin B deficiencies.

36
Q

The name “koilonychia” comes from the Greek word koilos, which means ____. Nychia refers to _____.

A

koilos= hollow
Nychia =nail conditions

37
Q

It is a skininfectionaround the fingernails or toenails. It usually affects the skin at the base (cuticle) or up the sides of the nail.

A

Paronychia.

37
Q

comes on suddenly and may not last long; it usually occurs on fingers.

A

Acuteparonychia

37
Q

There are two types of paronychia:

A

Acuteparonychia
Chronicparonychia

38
Q

Beau’s lines happen when:

A
  1. Illness or severe stress interrupts your nail growth.
  2. Injuries damage yournail matrix (where nails start to grow).
  3. Long-term health problems interfere with blood flow to your nail matrix.
39
Q

lasts longer and may occur on your fingers or toes. It either doesn’t get better or keeps coming back.

A

Chronicparonychia

39
Q

It is horizontal ridges or dents in one or more of your fingernails or toenails. They’re a sign that an illness, injury or skin condition interrupted your nail growth. Treating the underlying cause will allow new, smooth nails to grow again.

A

Beau’s line.

40
Q

It happens when the skin around the nail gets irritated or injured. Germs get into the skin and cause an infection. These germs can be bacteria or a fungus.

A

Paronychia

41
Q

These are small areas of bleeding (hemorrhaging) under your nails. They can affect your fingernails or toenails. They look like thin, red or reddish-brown lines below your nails. They run vertically in the direction of your nail growth. ______ get their name because they look like wood splinters under your nail.

A

Splinter hemorrhages.

42
Q

It is a condition in which the nail separates from the skin it. It may be caused by a nail injury, fungus, or psoriasis. The condition does not go away, and a person must wait until a new nail grows.

A

Onycholysis.

HEALTH ASSESSMENT LEC (DOC CONDES) (10 decks)

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