Thorax Lab Worksheets

Question 0

Intercostal, neck, and extrinsic back muscles that act on the thorax during forced respiration?

Answer 0

Scalene, external and internal intercostals, inner most intercostals, subcostals

Question 1

Name the true ribs, false ribs, and floating ribs

Answer 1

True: 1-7
False: 8-10
Floating: 11-12

Question 2

Other muscles that act on respiration in the thorax?

Answer 2

Transversus thoracis, levatores costarum, serratus posterior and inferior

Question 3

What artery gives rise to anterior intercostal arteries, and which one gives rise to posterior intercostal arteries?

Answer 3

Anterior - mammary/internal thoracic

Posterior - posterior intercostal

Question 4

Do intercostal vessels run superior or inferior to ribs?

Answer 4

Inferior

Question 5

What is the order of intercostal vessels from superior to inferior?

Answer 5

veins, arteries, nerves

Question 6

What two muscles sandwich the intercostal neuromuscular bundles?

Answer 6

internal and innermost intercostal

Question 7

What is the order of the pericardial layers?

Answer 7

fibrous, parietal, visceral/epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

Question 8

What nerve conveys pain from the pericardium?

Answer 8

Phrenic nerve

Question 9

What is the transverse pericardial sinus, and where is it located?

Answer 9

Space posterior to aorta and pulmonary trunk

Question 10

What and where is the oblique pericardial sinus?

Answer 10

Pericardial space posterior to heart

Question 11

Where is pectinate muscle found?

Answer 11

Right atrium

Question 12

From what embryological structure are the right and left auricles derived?

Answer 12

Heart tube

Question 13

The fossa ovalis a fetal remnant of what?

Answer 13

Foramen ovalis

Question 14

Where are the SA and AV nodes located?

Answer 14

Right coronary artery

Question 15

From which coronary artery does the anterior inter-ventricular branch arise, and from which does the posterior inter-ventricular branch arise?

Answer 15

Anterior - Left coronary

Posterior - Right coronary

Question 16

Number of lobes and names of lobes for each side of lung.

Answer 16

Right: 3 - superior, middle, and inferior
Left: 2 - superior and inferior

Question 17

Which lung has the aortic impression and which has azygous impression?

Answer 17

Aortic - left

Azygous - right

Question 18

What are the vessels in the hilum of the lung, and how do you distinguish them?

Answer 18

Bronchus (thickest), pulmonary artery (thicker than vein, but thinner than bronchus), and pulmonary vein (thinnest)

Question 19

Where do the coronary, right marginal, interventricular, and circumflex arteries run?

Answer 19

Coronary - between atria and ventricle
Right Marginal - last vessel off coronary before it does to other side
Interventricular - between ventricles
Circumflex - off of left coronary, starts anterior and goes around posteriorly

Question 20

Subdivisions of mediastinum

Answer 20

Superior: deep to manubrium, contains great vessels (aorta and vena cava)

Inferior: (3 parts)

1) anterior - deep to sternum body, contains fat and connective tissue
2) middle - deep to anterior mediastinum, contains the heart
3) posterior - deep to heart, contains descending aorta, thoracic duct, and esophagus

Question 21

Features of the right atrium

Answer 21

Auricle: pouch like appendage of atrium, derived from embryonic heart tube

Pectinate muscle: ridges of myocardium inside auricle

Crista terminalis: ridge running from inferior vena cava to superior vena cava openings, superior extend marks site of SA node.

Fossa Ovalis: depression in interatrial septum, former site of foramen ovalis

Atrial opening: one each for superior + inferior vena cava and coronary sinus (venous return from cardiac veins)

Question 22

Features of the right ventricle

Answer 22

Trabeculae carneae: irregular ridges of ventricular myocardium

Papillary muscles: anterior, posterior, and septal projections of myocardium extending into ventricular cavity. Prevent valve leaflet prolapse.

Chordae tendineae: fibrous cords that connect papillary muscles to valve leaflet.

Moderator band: muscular band that convey AV bundle from septum to base of ventricle at site of anterior papillary muscle.

Ventricular opening: One to pulmonary trunk through pulmonary valve, one to receive blood from right atrium through tricuspid valve

Question 23

Features of the left atrium

Answer 23

Auricle: small appendage representing primitive embryonic atrium whose wall has pectinate muscle.

Atrial wall: wall slightly thicker than thin-walled r. atrium

Atrial opening: usually four openings for four pulmonary veins

Question 24

Features of the left ventricle

Answer 24

Papillary muscles: anterior and posterior muscles, larger than those of right ventricle

Chordae tendineae: fibrous cords that connect papillary muscles to valve leaflets

Ventricular wall: wall much thicker than that of the r. ventricle

Membranous septum: very thin superior portion of inferior vena cava and site of most ventricular septal defects.

Ventricular opening: one aorta through aortic valve, one to receive blood from left atrium through mitral valve

Question 25

What features are unique to the left lung and what features are unique to the right lung?

Answer 25

Left - cardiac notch and lingula

Right - horizontal fissure making a middle lobe

Question 26

Branches of left coronary artery

Answer 26

anterior interventricular
circumflex
left marginal

Question 27

Branches of right coronary artery

Answer 27

SA node branch
right marginal
posterior interventricular