Thorax Lab Worksheets Flashcards
Intercostal, neck, and extrinsic back muscles that act on the thorax during forced respiration?
Scalene, external and internal intercostals, inner most intercostals, subcostals
Name the true ribs, false ribs, and floating ribs
True: 1-7
False: 8-10
Floating: 11-12
Other muscles that act on respiration in the thorax?
Transversus thoracis, levatores costarum, serratus posterior and inferior
What artery gives rise to anterior intercostal arteries, and which one gives rise to posterior intercostal arteries?
Anterior - mammary/internal thoracic
Posterior - posterior intercostal
Do intercostal vessels run superior or inferior to ribs?
Inferior
What is the order of intercostal vessels from superior to inferior?
veins, arteries, nerves
What two muscles sandwich the intercostal neuromuscular bundles?
internal and innermost intercostal
What is the order of the pericardial layers?
fibrous, parietal, visceral/epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
What nerve conveys pain from the pericardium?
Phrenic nerve
What is the transverse pericardial sinus, and where is it located?
Space posterior to aorta and pulmonary trunk
What and where is the oblique pericardial sinus?
Pericardial space posterior to heart
Where is pectinate muscle found?
Right atrium
From what embryological structure are the right and left auricles derived?
Heart tube
The fossa ovalis a fetal remnant of what?
Foramen ovalis
Where are the SA and AV nodes located?
Right coronary artery
From which coronary artery does the anterior inter-ventricular branch arise, and from which does the posterior inter-ventricular branch arise?
Anterior - Left coronary
Posterior - Right coronary
Number of lobes and names of lobes for each side of lung.
Right: 3 - superior, middle, and inferior
Left: 2 - superior and inferior
Which lung has the aortic impression and which has azygous impression?
Aortic - left
Azygous - right
What are the vessels in the hilum of the lung, and how do you distinguish them?
Bronchus (thickest), pulmonary artery (thicker than vein, but thinner than bronchus), and pulmonary vein (thinnest)
Where do the coronary, right marginal, interventricular, and circumflex arteries run?
Coronary - between atria and ventricle
Right Marginal - last vessel off coronary before it does to other side
Interventricular - between ventricles
Circumflex - off of left coronary, starts anterior and goes around posteriorly
Subdivisions of mediastinum
Superior: deep to manubrium, contains great vessels (aorta and vena cava)
Inferior: (3 parts)
1) anterior - deep to sternum body, contains fat and connective tissue
2) middle - deep to anterior mediastinum, contains the heart
3) posterior - deep to heart, contains descending aorta, thoracic duct, and esophagus
Features of the right atrium
Auricle: pouch like appendage of atrium, derived from embryonic heart tube
Pectinate muscle: ridges of myocardium inside auricle
Crista terminalis: ridge running from inferior vena cava to superior vena cava openings, superior extend marks site of SA node.
Fossa Ovalis: depression in interatrial septum, former site of foramen ovalis
Atrial opening: one each for superior + inferior vena cava and coronary sinus (venous return from cardiac veins)
Features of the right ventricle
Trabeculae carneae: irregular ridges of ventricular myocardium
Papillary muscles: anterior, posterior, and septal projections of myocardium extending into ventricular cavity. Prevent valve leaflet prolapse.
Chordae tendineae: fibrous cords that connect papillary muscles to valve leaflet.
Moderator band: muscular band that convey AV bundle from septum to base of ventricle at site of anterior papillary muscle.
Ventricular opening: One to pulmonary trunk through pulmonary valve, one to receive blood from right atrium through tricuspid valve
Features of the left atrium
Auricle: small appendage representing primitive embryonic atrium whose wall has pectinate muscle.
Atrial wall: wall slightly thicker than thin-walled r. atrium
Atrial opening: usually four openings for four pulmonary veins
Features of the left ventricle
Papillary muscles: anterior and posterior muscles, larger than those of right ventricle
Chordae tendineae: fibrous cords that connect papillary muscles to valve leaflets
Ventricular wall: wall much thicker than that of the r. ventricle
Membranous septum: very thin superior portion of inferior vena cava and site of most ventricular septal defects.
Ventricular opening: one aorta through aortic valve, one to receive blood from left atrium through mitral valve
What features are unique to the left lung and what features are unique to the right lung?
Left - cardiac notch and lingula
Right - horizontal fissure making a middle lobe
Branches of left coronary artery
anterior interventricular
circumflex
left marginal
Branches of right coronary artery
SA node branch
right marginal
posterior interventricular
