GI Lab Worksheets Flashcards
When the anterior abdominal wallis opened, and the contents of this cavity are viewed, what “sac” have you entered?
Greater sac
Which parts of GI tract are intraperitoneal and which are retroperitoneal?
Intra: duodenum (1st and 4th segment), stomach, jejunum, ileum, transverse and sigmoid colon
Retro: duodenum (2nd and 3rd part), ascending and descending colon, and rectum
When you place your fingers through the epiploic foramen you have entered which sac?
Lesser sac
What are the boundaries of the epiploic foramen?
Anterior - hepatodouadnal ligament containing the portal triad
Posterior - inferior vena cava and right crus of diaphragm
Superior - liver
Inferior - duodenum
Where is the portal triad located, and what vessels does it contain?
Hepatoduodnal ligament
Contains: common bile duct, portal vein,and proper hepatic artery
Which primary GI system artery arises most superiorly, and what are it’s three initial branches? What part of the gut does it supply?
Celiac trunk
Common hepatic, left gastric, and splenic
Upper GI/foregut
Which primary GI system artery arises most inferiorly, and what are it’s primary branches? What part of the gut does it supply?
Inferior mesenteric
left colic, sigmoid, and superior rectal
Descending colon and superior rectum/hindgut
What primary GI artery supplies the small intestine, cecum, ascending and transverse colon, and what are it’s primary branches?
Superior mesenteric
Iliocolic, right colic, and middle colic
What is the course of blood from the celiac trunk to the liver?
Common hepatic –> proper hepatic –> right and left hepatic
What is teh course of blood from the celiac trunk to the stomach?
left gastric –> stomach
Which vessels converge to form the portal vein?
Splenic vein (from lower GI) and superior mesenteric vein
Caput medusae are caused by what portion of the postocaval anastomotic system?
Back up of blood flow from the liver, so it does to umbilical vein –> SVC and IVC. Common in alcoholics
What are the two primary types of hiatal hernias, and how do they differ?
Sliding - all of stomach can be involved
Paraesophageal - only the fundus of the stomach is next to the esophagus
What are the differences between jejunum and ileum?
Jejunum - simple archades, long vasa recta, dense plicae circularis, and responsible for most of the absorption in the GI tract
Ileum: compound vasculature arcade, short vasa recta, fewer plicae circularis
What are the components of the large intestine?
Cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid, and rectum
How can you tell the large and small colon apart?
Large - taenia coli (thick packing tape around colon), epiploic appendices (fat tags), semilunar folds inside, housetrays, and pockets
Small - smooth
How many lobes does the liver have, and what are their names?
Four lobes
Right, left, quadrate (more square than codate), and codate
What are the round, falciform, and coronary ligaments? Where are they found, and what are they the embryologic remnants of? What is the last hepatic ligament not mentioned, and where is it located?
Round - aka. ligamentum teres hepatis. Thickening at the bottom of faciform. Remnant of the umbilical vein, continuous with ligamentum venosum (remnant of ductus venosus)
Falciform - at hilum of liver, connects liver to anterior wall. Remnant of umbilical vein.
Coronary - peritoneal reflections that hold the liver to the inferior surface of the diaphragm. Dorsal to falciform ligament.
Triangular ligament - on either side of coronary ligament.
What is the flow of bile through the bile duct system?
Stored in liver –> right and left hepatic ducts for secretion —> common hepatic duct –> cystic duct –> common bile duct –> duodenum
What are the contents of the foregut?
Stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, and first 1/2 of duodenum
What are the contents of the midgut?
Second 1/2 of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum,ascending colon, and 2/3 of transverse colon
What are the contents of the hindgut?
Left 1/2 of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum
What are the parts of the duodenum, and what are the unique features of each?
Superior - where hepatoduodnal ligament (contains portal triad) attaches to lesser omentum
Descending - where bile and pancreatic ducts empty
Inferior - crosses inferior vena cava and aorta, is crossed anteriorly by mesenteric vessels
Ascending - portion tethered by suspensory ligament at duodenojejunal flexure
What are the mesenteries of large intestine components?
Ascending - retroperitoneal Transverse colon - transverse mesocolon Descending colon - retroperitoneal Sigmoid colon - sigmoid mesocolon Rectum - retroperitoneal
