Osteology of Vertebral Column and Upper Extremity

Question 1

Muscles that attach to clavicle

Answer 1

Pectoralis major: anterior border

Subclavius: inferior surface

Trapezius: superior surface

Deltoid: superior surface and anterior border

Question 2

Muscles attaching to coracoid process of scapula

Answer 2

• Short head of biceps brachii
• Coracobrachialis
• Pectoralis Minor

Question 3

Muscles that attach to spine of scapula

Answer 3

Deltoid

Trapezium

Question 4

Muscles that attach to medial/ventral border of scapula

Answer 4

• serratus anterior
• rhomboid minor
• rhomboid major
• levator scapulae: superior angle
• latissimus dorsi: inferior angle

Question 5

Muscles that attach to Lateral/Axillary Border of Scapula

Answer 5

• Teres minor
• Terese major

Question 6

Muscles that attach to glenoid of scapula

Answer 6

At suproglenoid turbercle: long head of biceps brachii

At infreglenoid tubercle: long head of triceps brachii

Question 7

Muscles that make up the rotator cuff

Answer 7

Anterior: Suprascapularis @ subscapular fossa

Posterior: Supraspinatus @ supraspinous fossa

Infraspinatus @ infrasinous fossa

Teres minor @ lateral/axillary border

Question 8

Muscles that attach to proximal humerous and shaft

Answer 8

Subscapularis attaches to lesser tubercle

Rest of rotator cuff muscles attach to greater tubercle

Long tendon of biceps brachii attaches to bicipital groove/intertubercular sulcus

Deltoid muscle attaches to deltoid tuberosity

Coracobrachialis and brachialis attach to midshaft

Question 9

Muscles that attach to bicipital groove/intertubercular sulcus.

Where is it the groove located?

Answer 9

Long tendon of biceps brachii

Between the greater and lesser tubercles of humerus

Question 10

Muscles that attach to deltoid tuberosity and midshaft of humerus

Answer 10

Deltoid tuberosity: deltoid muscle

Midshaft: Brachialis @ anterior

Coracobrachialis @ medial

Question 11

What are the common flexor and extensor orgins for the distal humerus?

Answer 11

Common Flexor Origin = medial epicondyle. Origin for wrist + finger flexors.

Common extensor Origin = lateral epicondyle. Origin for wrist + finger extensors.

Question 12

What forms the elbox joint?

Answer 12

Articulation with the radius and ulna

Question 13

Muscle attachment at radius

Answer 13

Biceps brachii tendon @ radial tuberosity

Pronators and supinators of forearm + flexors and extensors of wrist and finger @ radial shaft.

Question 14

Radius articulations

Answer 14

Head of radius articulates with capitulum of humerus and radial notch of ulna.

Distal end articulates with the scaphoid & lunate carpal bones.

Question 15

Ulna articulations

Answer 15

Trochlear notch (semilunar notch) articulates with trochlea of humerus to form the stable hinge joint of elbow.

Distal ulna does not articulate with carpal bones.

Question 16

Muscle attachment at ulna

Answer 16

brachialis (insertion) and pronator teres (origin) = coracoid process

Triceps tendon (insertion) = olercranon process/elbow

Pronator quadratus, supinator, and digital extensors = ulnar shaft

Question 17

1. Flexors and extensors at the _____ have thier insertion on the _____.
2. While flexors and extensors at the _____ have thier insertion on the _____.
3. Intrinsic muscles of teh hand mostly originate and insert on ________, but some insert on structures associated iwth _______.

Answer 17

1. wrist, carpals
2. digits, phalanges
3. metacarpals, phalanges

Question 18

Primary curvatures

Secondary curvatures

Answer 18

Primary: thoracic, sacral

Secondary: cervical, lumbar

Question 19

Movement of cervical vertebrae

Answer 19

Flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation. Have the greatest range of motion of entire vertebral column.

Question 20

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Answer 20

Extra pair of ribs at C7 impinges on large vessels and brachial plexus nerves in region.

Causes: fractured clavicle, extra muscle/scar tissue near scalene muscles, poor neck/shoulder posture, anomalous anatomical variation of muscle/vasculature.

Question 21

Movement in thoracic vertebrae

Answer 21

rotaion, leteral flexion limited. no flexion+extention.

Stay rigid when bent over.

Question 22

Movement in lumbar vertebrae

Answer 22

flexion+extention, some lateral flexion, rotation prevented