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Anatomy > Shoulder and arm > Flashcards

Shoulder and arm Flashcards

1
Q

Types of joints

A

Fibrous, cartilagenous, and synovial

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2
Q

Types of fibrous joints and characteristics

A

Types: sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses
Characteristics: solid, not very movable

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3
Q

Types of cartilaginous joints and characteristics

A

Types: synchondroses and symphyses
Characteristics: solid, can change degree of mobility over time, ex. female pelvis

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4
Q

Synovial joint characteristics

A

most movable, most common, joint capsule consists of inner synovial membrane and outer fibrous capsule, has hyaline cartilage lining, some have articular disc.

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5
Q

Ligament connects ____ to_____, while tendons connect _____ to _____.

A

Ligament: bone, bone
Tendons: muscles, bone

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6
Q

Synarthrosis vs. amphiarthrosis vs. diarthrosis

A

no movement, little movement, and a lot of movement

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7
Q

Acromioclavicular joint

A

Bones: acromial process of scapula and clavicle
Type: synovial, plane
Functional type: diarrhetic, gliding and rotation of scapula on clavicle

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8
Q

Glenohumeral Joint/Shoulder

A

Bones: scapula and humerus
Type: synovial, ball + socket/cup+saucer
Functional type: diarrhetic, multiaxial, flexion + extension + adduction + abduction + circumduction + rotation of humerus and arm

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9
Q

Elbow Joint

A

Bones: Ulna + radius with humerus
Type: synovial, hindge
Functional type: diarrhetic, uniaxial, flexion + extension of forearm

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10
Q

Proximal Radioulnar Joint

A

Bones: radius and ulna
Type: synovial, pivot
Functional type: diarrhetic, uniaxial, rotation of radius around long axis of forearm to allow pronation and supination

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11
Q

Distal Radioulnar Joint

A

Bones: radius and ulna
Type: synovial, pivot w/ articular disc
Functional type: diarrhetic, uniaxial, rotation of convex head of ulna in ulnar notch of radius

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12
Q

Sternoclavicular Joint

A

Bones: sternum and clavicle
Type: synovial, shallow saddle with articular disc
Functional type: diarrhetic, multiaxial

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13
Q

Types of shoulder muscles

A

Axioappendicular: connect thorax to upper limbs. Hypaxial.
Scapulahumeral: connects scapula to humerus

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14
Q

Bursa

A

Pillows of synovial fluid that allow for smooth movement. Synovial sheaths are like long bursa.

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15
Q

Ligaments of shoulder region

A

Coracoclavicular (trapezoid + conoid), coracoacromial, glenohumeral (superior, middle, and inferior {at axillary recess})
Transverse ligament of humerus around biceps.

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16
Q

Tendons of shoulder

A

infraspinatus, teres minor, supra spinatus and subscapularis

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17
Q

Bursas of shoulder

A

Subacromial, subdeltoid, subcoracoid, and subscapular (only one that communicates with synovial cavity of joint)

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18
Q

Impingement syndrome involves which tendons?

A

Supraspinatus (tendonitis) and/or subacromial (bursitis)

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19
Q

Scapulahumeral muscles are innervated by ____

A

brachial plexus

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20
Q

Scapulahumeral muscles

A

Deltoid, teres major + minor, subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus.

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21
Q

Rotator cuff muscles

A

teres minor, subscapularis, supraspinatus, and infraspinatus.

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22
Q

Deltoid attachments

A

Proximal: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
Distal: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

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23
Q

Actions of deltoid

A

flexes, medially rotates, abducts, extends, and laterally rotates humerus

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24
Q

Innervation of deltoid

A

axillary nerve

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25
Q

Attachments of teres major

A

Proximal: posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
Distal: medial lip of inter tubercular (bicipital) groove of humerus

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26
Q

Actions of teres major

A

adducts and medially rotates humerus aka internal rotation

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27
Q

Innervation of teres major

A

lower subscapular nerve

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28
Q

Attachments of supraspinatus

A

Proximal: supraspinous fossa of scapula
Distal: superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

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29
Q

Actions of supraspinatus

A

works with deltoid in abduction of humerus, acts with other rotator cuff muscles in stabilizing shoulder joint

30
Q

Innervation of supraspinatus

A

suprascapular nerve

31
Q

Attachments of subscapularis

A

Proximal: subscapular fossa (anterior surface of scapula)
Distal: lesser tubercle of humerus

32
Q

Actions of subscapularis

A

medially rotates and adducts humerus, helps hold humeral head in place

33
Q

Innervation of subscapularis

A

upper+lower sub scapular nerves

34
Q

Characteristics of subscapularis

A

Common sports injury in pitchers = rotator cuff tendonitis
Injuries here can lead to bicipital tendon instability and biceps tendonitis.
Longest and strongest of the rotator cuff muscles.

35
Q

Attachments of infraspinatus

A

Proximal: infraspinous fossa of scapula
Distal: middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus

36
Q

Actions of infraspinatus

A

laterally rotates humerus, helps hold humeral head in place

37
Q

Innervation of infraspinatus

A

suprascapular nerve

38
Q

Attachments of teres minor

A

Proximal: middle part of lateral border of scapula
Distal: inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

39
Q

Actions of teres minor

A

laterally rotation of humerus, helps hold humeral head in place

40
Q

Innervation of teres minor

A

axillary nerve

41
Q

Which muscle’s tendon is compressed at angles greater than or equal to 90 degrees and a common injury in the elderly?

A

Supraspinatus, injured with receptive overhead activities

42
Q

Muscles, artery, and innervation of quadrangular space

A

Muscles: teres minor + major, lateral + long head of triceps brachii
Artery: posterior circumflex humeral
Innervation: axillary nerve

43
Q

Triangular Space

A

Teres minor and major, circumflex scapular artery, long head of triceps brachii = lateral border

44
Q

Triangular interval

A

Lateral and long head of triceps brachii with teres major at superior border, deep brachial artery, and radial nerve

45
Q

Brachium =

Antebrachium =

A

Arm

Forearm

46
Q

Elbow joints

A

Humeroradial at capitulum
Humeroulnar at trochlear notch and trochlea
Proximal radioulnar at pivot of radius and ulna

47
Q

Dermatomes of Brachial Plexus

A

C5-8, T1

48
Q

Divisions of Brachial Artery

A

Originates from axillary artery.

1) Profunda brachii (deep brachial artery)
a. posterior descending branch = middle collateral
b. anterior descending branch = radial collateral
2) Superior ulnar collateral
3) Inferior ulnar collateral

49
Q

Anterior compartment of arm

A 
Flexors
Biceps brachii (short + long head), brachial, and coracobrachialis
50
Q

Attachments of biceps brachii

A

Proximal: long head - supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
short head - coracoid process of scapula
Distal: radial tuberosity and fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis

51
Q

Actions of biceps brachii

A

supinates forearm, when supine will flex forearm

short head - resists dislocation of shoulder

52
Q

Blood supply and innervation of biceps brachii

A

Blood supply: brachial artery

Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve

53
Q

Attachments of coracobrachialis

A

Proximal: coracoid process of scapula
Distal: middle 1/3 of medial humeral surface

54
Q

Actions of coracobrachialis

A

flexes and adducts arm at shoulder joint

resists dislocation of shoulder joint

55
Q

Blood supply and innervation of coracobrachialis

A

Blood supply: brachial artery

Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve

56
Q

Attachments of Brachialis

A

Proximal: distal 1/2 of anterior surface of humerus
Distal: coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna

57
Q

Actions of Brachialis

A

Flexes forearm at elbow joint

58
Q

Innervation and blood supply of Brachialis

A

Blood supply: brachial artery

Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve

59
Q

Posterior compartment of arm

A

Extensor
Triceps brachii (long head {most medial}, lateral head, and medial head), anconeus (stabilizes elbow joint)
Innervated by radial nerve

60
Q

Attachments of anconeus

A

Proximal: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Distal: lateral surface of olecranon, superior part of surface of ulna

61
Q

Actions of anconeus

A

Assists triceps in extension of forearm and stabilizes elbow joint, also abducts ulna during pronation

62
Q

Blood supply and innervation of anconeus

A

Blood supply: deep brachial artery

Innervation: radial nerve

63
Q

Attachments of triceps brachii

A

Proximal: long - infraglenoid tubercle
lateral - posterior surface of humerus
medial - posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove (spiral groove)
Distal: proximal end of olecranon and fascia of forearm

64
Q

Actions of triceps brachii

A

extends forearm at elbow joint, long head - resists dislocation of shoulder joint

65
Q

Blood supply and innervation of triceps brachii

A

Blood supply: deep brachial artery

Innervation: radial nerve

66
Q

Veins of cubital fossa

A

cephalic, medial cubital, medial antebrachial, and basilic

67
Q

Boundaries of cubital fossa

A

Lateral: brachioradialis
Medial: pronator teres
Superior: imaginary line between medial and lateral humeral epicondyles
Roof: skin, superficial & deep fascia, bicipital aponeurosis
Floor: supinator and brachialis

68
Q

Contents of cubital fossa

A

Medial nerve, bifurcation of radial+ulnar arteries, brachial veins, tendon of biceps brachii+bicipital aponeurosis, and radial nerve (deep at supinator + superficial at brachial radialis)

69
Q

What makes up the funny bone?

A

very superficial ulnar nerve running posterior to medial epicondyle of humerus

70
Q

Contents of posterior cubital region/elbow region

A

Triceps and olecranon process, anconeus, ulnar nerve, and posterior ulnar recurrent artery

71
Q

Cubital anastomosis

A

Brachial artery-ulnar artery:
Superior ulnar collateral-posterior ulnar recurrent
Inferior ulnar collateral-anterior ulnar recurrent
Deep Brachial Artery-Radial and Interosseous Arteries: Radial collateral artery-radial recurrent artery
Middle collateral artery- interosseous recurrent artery

Anatomy (12 decks)

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