Superior Back Flashcards
Trapezius Attachments
Proximal: external occipital protuberance of skull, nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7-T12
Distal: Lateral 1/3th of anterior clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
Actions of trapezium
elevates, depresses, and retracts scapula. Rotates glenoid fossa superiorly.
Innervation of trapezium
Accessory nerve = motor
C3/C4 spinal nerves = sensory
Latissimus Dorsi Attachments
Proximal: spinous process of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inferior 3 ribs
Distal: floor of interubercular sulcus (bicipital groove) of humerus.
Actions of Latissimus Dorsi
Extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus at glenohumeral joint, raises torso towards arms during climbing (pull up)
Innervation of Lattissimus Dorsi
Thoracodorsal nerve
Attachments for Rhomboid Major
Proximal: spinous process of T2-T5
Distal: medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle
Action of Rhomboid Major and Minor
retract, elevate, and rotate scapula downward and fix it to thoracic wall
Innervation of Rhomboid Major and Minor
Dorsal Scapular Nerve
Attachments of Rhomboid Minor
Proximal: nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7+T1
Distal: medial end of scapular spine
Attachments of Levator Scapulae
proximal: posterior tubercles of transverse processes of first 4 cervical vertebrae
distal: medial border of scapula, superior part of scapular spine
Actions of Levator Scapulae
Elevates scapula and tilts glenoid fossa inferiorly by rotating scapula downwards.
Levator Scapulae innervation
Dorsal scapular nerve and ventral rami of cervical spinal nerves
Layers of Superficial Hypaxial Muscles of Back Region
Layer 1: trapezius and latissimus dorsi
Layer 2: levator scapulae, rhomboid major + minor
Anastomosing Arterial Branches
suprascapular artery, dorsal scapular artery, posterior intercostal arteries, circumfex scapular artery, thoracodorsal artery
